蓄水后三峡库区重庆段污染负荷与时空分布研究

针对三峡库区重庆段蓄水后的污染负荷状况及时空分布进行了研究。介于三峡库区蓄水后污染形式的变化以及污染源的多样性和库区内各区县污染源特征的差异，将各类污染源分类并分区域进行计算预测。除了对受广泛关注的工业污染、生活污染进行了预测外，还研究了农田径流污染、船舶流动污染、淹没土壤释放污染的计算方法并对其进行了计算。计算结果表明，在2002、2010、2020年重庆段库区水体的主要污染源为农田径流污染、城市生活污水污染和农村生活污染，其中农田径流污染的CODCr、NH3-N、TP的贡献率分别达到了59．95％、74．64％、85．86％，为主要污染源。在2002年、2010年、2020年重庆段三峡库区CODCr、NH3-N、TP的主要来源区域为重庆主城区、万州区、涪陵区和江津市。

Pollution loading evaluation and its spatial and temporal distribution in the Three Gorges Reservoir in Chongqing region

In this paper, the amount of pollution load and its spatial-temporal distribution in Three Gorges area in Chongqing were investigated after the Three Gorges dam was put into operation. According to the change in pollution situation, the diversity of the pollution sources and the different pollution characteristic of each county, the pollution load was categorized and calculated respec-tively. Besides the industrial effluent and urban domestic sewage discharge, the surface runoff of farmland, shipping waste effluent and discharge of the soil flooded after sluicing, as well as their calculating models, were studied. The results showed that surface runoff of farmland, urban wastewater discharge and rural domestic sewage were or would be the main sources in 2002, 2010 and 2020, with surface runoff of farmland being the largest one. The distributions of CODCr , NH3-N and TP from surface runoff of farm-land would reach 59.95%, 74.64% and 85.86% respectively in 2020, indicating its domination. The study also revealed that in 2002, 2010 and 2020, CODCr , NH3-N and TP mainly came or would come from the city proper of Chongqing, Wanzhou district, Fulin district and Jiangjing city. In 2020, CODCr discharge in Changshou district would reach the same level in Wanzhou district and Fulin district.