三峡库区消落带不同水位高程土壤重金属含量及污染评价

为揭示三峡水库连续2 a(2008年和2009年)175 m试验性蓄水对库区消落带土壤重金属的影响,选择了库区腹地忠县境内的3个地质地貌特征、土地利用历史等相似消落带.采集了不同高程(160 m和170 m)和土壤层(0～10 cm和10～20 cm)36个土壤样品,用X射线荧光光谱法测定了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn共7种重金属含量,并对其污染现状和潜在生态风险程度进行了评价.结果表明,尽管160 m和170 m高程淹水时间差异较大(244 d),但土壤重金属含量并没有显著差异;重金属相关分析显示Cd相对独立,而其它重金属大都存在着显著或极显著的正相关关系;地累积指数(geoaccumulation index,Igeo)表明重金属污染程度顺序依次为:As>Cd>Cu>Ni>Zn=Pb>Cr,其中As、Cd和Cu地累积指数(Igeo)分别为0.45、0.39和0.06,属轻度污染,其它重金属为无污染;Hkanson潜在生态风险指数(Ei)表明重金属潜在生态风险顺序为:Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn,其中Cd的潜在生态风险指数(Ei)为59.10,危害风险达中度,其余重金属风险均为较轻.因此污染评价方法指出了该区域消落带土壤的主要污染或存在潜在生态危害的重金属元素为As、Cd和Cu.

Concentrations and Pollution Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals at Different Water-level Altitudes in the Draw-down Areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir

To investigate the effect of 175 m trial impounding (2008 and 2009)of the Three Gorges Reservoir on soil heavy metals, three draw-down areas with similar geological environment and history of land-use in Zhongxian County were chosen. Altogether 36 surface soil samples (including 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer) from water-level altitude of 160 m and 170 m were obtained, and their heavy metals concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method. Geoaccumulation index(Igeo)and Håkanson potential ecological risk index were applied to assess the heavy metals pollution status and potential ecological risk, respectively. Results indicated that although the inundation period of 160 m was 224 d longer than that of 170 m, significant difference in concentrations of heavy metals were not found between the two water-level altitudes. Except for Cd, most of the heavy metals highly related with each other positively. According to the geoaccumulation index, the pollution extent of the heavy metals followed the order: As>Cd>Cu>Ni>Zn=Pb>Cr. The Igeovalue of As, Cd and Cu were 0.45, 0.39 and 0.06, respectively, indicating that the soil was only lightly polluted by these heavy metals. Håkanson single potential ecological risk index followed the order: Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn. Cd with E_i values of 59.10, had a medium potential for ecological risk,while As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn only had a light potential. Consequently, although As, Cd and Cu were the major heavy metals with potential ecological risk for surface soil pollution in the draw-down areas in Zhongxian County, the Three Gorges Reservoir.