石漠化治理区小尺度土地利用变化及其驱动机制分析——以花江石漠化治理区为例

研究石漠化治理区小尺度土地利用变化,将有助于深入分析和研究喀斯特地区土地利用变化的时空变化规律、驱动力及资源环境效应。运用逐步多元回归方法,分析石漠化治理区小尺度土地利用变化及其驱动机制。研究表明:(1)2005~2012年,研究区石漠化面积有所减少,由2 824.23 hm2减少到2 777.60 hm2,减少了46.63 hm2,占2005年石漠化面积的1.65%;石漠化程度呈现从重变轻的趋势,无石漠化和中度石漠化面积分别增加12.68%和3.08%,潜在石漠化、轻度石漠化和强度石漠化分别减少5.11%、2.07%和5.24%。其中,稳定型石漠化区域面积最大,占喀斯特面积的95.40%;土地利用变化面积比重为1.15%,土地利用较为稳定。恢复型石漠化区域面积占喀斯特面积的3.95%;土地利用变化面积比重为40.64%,土地利用变化剧烈。退化型石漠化区域面积最小,仅占喀斯特面积的0.65%;土地利用变化面积比重为22.21%,土地利用变化较明显。(2)土地利用变化以园地减少为主要特征,其变化主要由农户的劳动力文化程度变化、劳动力比重变化、本地务工收入变化和外出务工收入变化等4个因子驱动产生。其中,园地变化与本地务工收入变化指数呈显著的正相关关系,回归系数为0.691;与劳动力文化程度变化指数、劳动力比重变化指数和外出务工收入变化指数呈显著的负相关关系,回归系数分别为-0.472、-9.735和-0.443。劳动力比重变化指数是引起园地发生变化的最主要驱动因子。(3)国家因生态文明建设需求而施行退耕还林(草)政策和工业化、城镇化战略,农户因脱贫致富需要而提高文化素质和调整从业行为,分别从宏观和微观两个层面促进石漠化治理区的劳动力转移和产业转型,进而共同驱动了石漠化治理区的土地利用变化。

LAND USE CHANGE AND ITS DRIVING MECHANISM IN SMALL SCALE #br# ROCKY DESERTIFICATION CONTROL AREA#br# ——TAKE THE HUAJIANG ROCKY #br# DESERTIFICATION CONTROL AREA AS AN EXAMPLE

The study of small scale land use change in rocky desertification control area will help to deeply analyze the temporal spatial variation law, driving force and resource environment effect of land use change in karst area. By using stepwise multiple regression method, this research analyzed the land use change and its driving mechanism in rocky desertification control area. The results showed that: ①From 2005 to 2012, the area of rocky desertification decreased 46.63 hm2, which from 2 824.23 hm2 to 2 777.60 hm2. Meanwhile, the degree of rocky desertification declined, the no obvious rocky desertification and moderate rocky desertification lands increased 12.68% and 3.08%, and the potential rocky desertification, slight rocky desertification and intense rocky desertification lands decreased 5.11%, 2.07% and 5.24%, respectively. Among the three types of rocky desertification change(which including stable type, restored type and degenerated type), the proportion of the stable type in the karst area was 95.4%，and it had the smallest proportion of land use change, which was only 1.15% showing the land use was stable. The proportion of the restored type in the karst area was 3.95%, and it had the biggest proportion of land use change, which was 40.64% showing as the land use changed drastically. The proportion of degenerated type in the karst area was only 0.65%, and the proportion of land use change was 22.21% showing as the land use changed more obvious. ②The main feature of land use change was presented by the reduce of garden plot. There were four factors to drive the land use change, which including the changes of the average labor′s average schooling years, the proportion of household laborers, the local non agricultural income and the income of migrant farmers. Among the four factors, the garden plot change showed a significant positive correlation with the local non agricultural income change, which the regression coefficient was 0.691, and showed a significant negative correlation with the changes of the average labor′s average schooling years, the proportion of household laborers and the income of migrant farmer, which the regression coefficient was -0.472,-9.735 and -0.443, respectively. The proportion of household laborers was the major factor driving the land use changed. ③There are two factors, include China′s demand for building eco civilization by implementing Grain for Green Policy, industrialization and urbanization, and farmers′ demand for becoming rich by improving their cultural quality and adjusting their employment behaviors, to macroscopically and microscopically encourage the rural labor transfer and industry transformation, and then collectively drive the land use change in the rocky desertification control areas.