抗战胜利70周年大阅兵期间石家庄大气细颗粒物在线来源解析

抗战胜利70周年阅兵纪念活动空气质量保障前后,利用位于石家庄市大气自动梯度站20 m处单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS)对大气细颗粒物来源进行了解析.结果表明,阅兵活动当日,大气细颗粒物的首要污染源为机动车尾气(20.9%)和燃煤(20.6%),与空气质量保障前后相比,两类源的贡献均出现不同程度的降低,且颗粒物数浓度处于较低水平,保障措施起到了较好的效果,其中"控车"和"控煤"效果更为显著.来自机动车尾气的颗粒以短链元素碳和Mn为主,来自燃煤源的颗粒物以有机碳为主,来自工艺工业源的颗粒物以有机碳和金属为主,来自扬尘源的颗粒物以硅酸盐和钙为主.保障措施结束后,颗粒物浓度迅速攀升,是低压静稳不利气象条件和东南方向低空传输共同作用结果,其中扬尘和机动车尾气的贡献增长较为突出.

Online Sources about Atmospheric Fine Particles During the 70th Anniversary of Victory Parade in Shijiazhuang

Robust measures were taken to ensure a good air quality for the parade on the 70th Victory Memorial Day for the Chinese People''s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (VM Day). During the period, the source of fine particulate matter in air was analyzed with the single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) located at Shijiazhuang air automatic monitoring station of 20 meter. The results indicated that, on VM Day the primary sources of air pollution were vehicle exhaust emission (20.9%) and coal-generated emissions (20.6%), which were also at lower degrees than those on pre-and post-VM Day. It turned out that these air quality-improving measures, especially the vehicle restriction and coal consumption reduction, had a good effect. Particles from the vehicle exhaust and coal combustion source were mainly based on short-chain elements, carbon, manganese and organic carbon. The particles from the industry source were mainly organic carbon and metal. Particles from the dust source were mainly composed of silicate and calcium. When air quality-improving measures were stopped, the concentration of particulate matter rapidly rose again, and the contribution of dust and vehicle exhaust emission was remarkable. It was believed that the interaction of low-pressure static stability of adverse weather conditions and southeast direction of low altitude transmission was a major cause in the deterioration of air quality.