城市室内灰尘重金属水平、影响因素及健康风险:以贵阳市为例

本研究以贵阳市为研究区域,选择73户家庭和6间办公室采集室内灰尘样品,用ICP-OES测定灰尘中常量元素Ca、Fe和重金属元素Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量,探究室内灰尘重金属水平及影响因素,并综合室内和室外灰尘暴露量,评估儿童所受灰尘重金属健康风险.结果表明:1家庭室内灰尘中Ca、Fe的平均含量(g·kg-1)为107、31.9;Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均含量(mg·kg-1)分别为1.77、107、231、81.9、199、721;2办公室灰尘中Cu和Zn含量显著高于家庭灰尘,其他元素与其在家庭灰尘中的含量差别不大;3不同楼层家庭灰尘中Ca、Fe含量差别不大,Cd、Cu和Pb含量差异明显,1楼室内灰尘重金属含量相对较高,同时高层住宅室内Pb含量大于低层住宅;4家庭住户室外环境和室内装修及使用情况等导致家庭室内灰尘重金属水平差异分布;5灰尘重金属对儿童的暴露没有表现出明显的健康风险.

Level and the Courses of Heavy Metals and Its Risk Assessment in Indoor Dust of City: Take Guiyang as a Case

A total of 73 household dust and 6 office dust were collected and the concentrations of Ca, Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured by ICP-OES, in order to study the levels of heavy metals in city indoor dust and assessits risk from indoor and outdoor dust to children. The result showed that: 1 The concentrations of Ca, Fe were 107, 31.9 g·kg^-1 and those of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were 1.77, 107, 231, 81.9, 199, 721 mg·kg^-1, respectively. 2The levels of Cu and Zn in office dust were significantly higher than those in household dust, and the levels of other elements had no obvious difference from those in household dust. 3The levels of Ca and Fe in household dust with different floor numbers were not significantly different, but the levels of Cd, Cu and Pb in household dust with different floor numbers had obvious difference. The levels of elements in household dust from 1th floor were relatively higher, and the level of Pb in household dust from higher floors was higher than that on lower floors. 4Outdoor environment, indoor decoration and life styles may cause the difference of elements level in different household dust. 5There was no obvious risk from heavy metals in dust to children.