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Local Participation in Natural Resource Monitoring: a Characterization of Approaches
Authors:FINN DANIELSEN  NEIL D BURGESS  ANDREW BALMFORD  PAUL F DONALD  MIKKEL FUNDER  JULIA P G JONES  PHILIP ALVIOLA  DANILO S BALETE  TOM BLOMLEY  JUSTIN BRASHARES  BRIAN CHILD  MARTIN ENGHOFF  JON FJELDSÅ  SUNE HOLT  HANNE HÜBERTZ  ARNE E JENSEN  PER M JENSEN  JOHN MASSAO  MARLYNN M MENDOZA  YONIKA NGAGA  MICHAEL K POULSEN  RICARDO RUEDA  MOSES SAM  THOMAS SKIELBOE  GREG STUART‐HILL  ELMER TOPP‐JØRGENSEN  DEKI YONTEN
Institution:Nordic Agency for Development and Ecology (NORDECO), Skindergade 23-III, Copenhagen, DK-1159, Denmark;Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 3EJ, United Kingdom;World Wildlife Fund USA, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.;RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom;School of the Environment and Natural Resources, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom;Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau, Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center, North Avenue, Quezon City, Manila 1100, Philippines;University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.;Department of Geography, University of Florida, 3141 Turlington Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611-7315, U.S.A.;Natural History Museum, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark;Faculty of Life Science, Copenhagen University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg DK-2000, Denmark;District Lands, Natural Resources and Environment Office, P.O. Box 148, Iringa, Tanzania;Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3000, Morogoro, Tanzania;Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, Apartado 484, León, Nicaragua;Ghana Wildlife Division, P.O. Box M239, Ministries, Accra, Ghana;Namibian Association of Conservancy Support Organizations and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Living in a Finite Environment Project, P.O. Box 9681, Windhoek, Namibia;Greenland Home Rule, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland;Ministry of Agriculture, Thimphu, Bhutan
Abstract:Abstract: The monitoring of trends in the status of species or habitats is routine in developed countries, where it is funded by the state or large nongovernmental organizations and often involves large numbers of skilled amateur volunteers. Far less monitoring of natural resources takes place in developing countries, where state agencies have small budgets, there are fewer skilled professionals or amateurs, and socioeconomic conditions prevent development of a culture of volunteerism. The resulting lack of knowledge about trends in species and habitats presents a serious challenge for detecting, understanding, and reversing declines in natural resource values. International environmental agreements require signatories undertake systematic monitoring of their natural resources, but no system exists to guide the development and expansion of monitoring schemes. To help develop such a protocol, we suggest a typology of monitoring categories, defined by their degree of local participation, ranging from no local involvement with monitoring undertaken by professional researchers to an entirely local effort with monitoring undertaken by local people. We assessed the strengths and weaknesses of each monitoring category and the potential of each to be sustainable in developed or developing countries. Locally based monitoring is particularly relevant in developing countries, where it can lead to rapid decisions to solve the key threats affecting natural resources, can empower local communities to better manage their resources, and can refine sustainable‐use strategies to improve local livelihoods. Nevertheless, we recognize that the accuracy and precision of the monitoring undertaken by local communities in different situations needs further study and field protocols need to be further developed to get the best from the unrealized potential of this approach. A challenge to conservation biologists is to identify and establish the monitoring system most relevant to a particular situation and to develop methods to integrate outputs from across the spectrum of monitoring schemes to produce wider indices of natural resources that capture the strengths of each.
Keywords:biodiversity assessment  conservation  local stakeholders  monitoring schemes  natural resource management
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