Graphene and its derivatives: synthesis,modifications, and applications in wastewater treatment |
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Authors: | Asim Jilani Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman Mohammad Omaish Ansari Syed Zajif Hussain Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Imran Ullah Khan Inamuddin |
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Institution: | 1.Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),Johor Bahru,Malaysia;2.Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),Johor Bahru,Malaysia;3.Center of Nanotechnology,King Abdul-Aziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia;4.School of Chemical Engineering,Yeungnam University,Gyeongsan-si,South Korea;5.Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE),Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Lahore,Pakistan;6.School of Chemical and Material Engineering,National University of Science and Technology (NUST),Islamabad,Pakistan;7.Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science,King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia;8.Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research,King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia |
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Abstract: | Graphene was discovered in 2004 and has attracted intensive interests because of its unique mechanical, electric, thermal, optical, and structural properties, which makes graphene a potential candidate for various applications. Graphene is being used as a composite or filler material with metals, metal oxides, and polymers for potential advanced applications in solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, photocatalysis and sensing. These applications depend upon the distinctive properties of graphene, which in turn depend on the adopted synthetic approach. This article reviews the recent developments in synthesis of graphene and related composite materials. The synthesis of graphene through exfoliation, epitaxial growth and direct growth via carbon source, and modification approaches by covalent and noncovalent methodologies are discussed. Graphene-based metal and metal oxide composites for the purification of wastewater using photolytic process are also presented. |
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