黄土长大隧道机械化快速施工及安全控制技术研究

为解决黄土长大隧道工期受限问题，拟采用成套机械化工装设备配合三台阶三步法快速施工工艺完成安全、高效的隧道施工。以蒙华运煤专线隧道群快速作业为背景，研究三台阶三步法快速施工工艺和安全控制技术，提出能有效控制黄土隧道围岩变形量的“两紧跟”技术和解决衬砌混凝土背后脱空问题的二衬混凝土滑槽逐窗入模浇筑技术、拱顶带模注浆及防脱空监测技术。结果表明:联合应用“两紧跟”技术、混凝土滑槽逐窗入模技术和拱顶带模注浆及防脱空监测技术可大幅提高成套机械化工装设备配合三台阶三步法快速掘进施工的可靠性，保障工程快速、安全及经济施工。研究结果具有较好的普适性，可成为长大黄土隧道快速施工工艺选择的依据和施工安全控制问题的典型解决方案。

Study on rapid mechanized construction and safety control technologies of long loess tunnels

In order to solve the problem of the limited construction period of long loess tunnels,a complete set of mechanized construction installation equipment combined with the three bench three step rapid construction technology was adopted to complete safe and efficient tunnel construction.Taking the rapid operation of tunnel group in Menghua coal transportation special railway line as background, the three bench three step rapid construction technology and the safety control technologies were studied, and the “Two following” technology which could effectively control the deformation of surrounding rock in the loess tunnels was put forward, as well as the window by window mold pouring technology for the secondary lining concrete chute and the vault mold grouting and anti vacuum technology which could solve the problem of voiding behind the tunnel lining concrete.The results showed that the combined application of the “Two following” technology, window by window mold pouring technology of concrete and vault mold grouting and anti vacuum technology could greatly improve the reliability of the complete set of mechanized construction installation equipment combined with the three bench three step rapid excavation construction to ensure the rapid, safe and economic construction.The research results have good universality and are expected to become the basis for the selection of rapid construction technology for long loess tunnels and a typical solution to the construction safety control problems.