基于层次分析法-熵权法的污染地块异味污染物优先度评价方法——以农药类污染地块为例

土壤中异味污染物的风险管控已成为我国农药化工等行业污染地块环境管理的迫切需求。为筛查土壤优先控制异味污染物，研究基于土壤中挥发性异味污染物的迁移、暴露过程和危害效应的系统量化与分析，建立了污染地块异味污染物优先度评价指标体系；采用层次分析法-熵权法确定指标综合评价权重，分析了异味污染物优先度的影响因素，并选取3个农药类案例地块进行验证性评价。结果表明，构成地块异味污染物优先度排序指标体系第二层次的4个准则中，影响程度从高到低为：危害性、迁移性、防护性与暴露性；第三层次15个要素主客观综合权重范围为0.033 6~0.149 6，其中嗅阈值权重最高。案例地块异味污染物基于层次分析法-熵权法的优先度评价等级与基于实测数据通过异味活度值和健康风险影响评价的等级具有一致性。本研究结果可为异味污染地块优先控制异味污染物的筛查提供参考。

Priority evaluation method of odor pollutants in contaminated sites based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method: A case study of pesticide contaminated sites

An urgent requirement for environmental management of contaminated sites in China’s pesticide and chemical industries is the risk control of odorous contaminants in soil. In order to screen the priority control odor pollutants in soil, the evaluation index system of the priority of odor pollutants in contaminated sites was established based on the systematic quantification and analysis of the migration, exposure process, and hazard effect of volatile odor pollutants in soil. The analytic hierarchy process-entropy weight method was used to determine the comprehensive evaluation weight of the index, and the influencing factors of the priority odor pollutants were analyzed. Three pesticide case sites was selected for confirmatory evaluation. These results exhibited that among the four criteria that constitute the second level of the priority ranking index system of odor pollutants in sites, the influence degree from high to low was harmfulness, migration, protection and exposure. The subjective and objective comprehensive weights of the 15 elements in the third level ranged from 0.033 6 to 0.149 6, and the weight of the olfactory threshold was the highest. The priority evaluation grade of odor pollutants in the case sites based on the analytic hierarchy process-entropy weight method was consistent with the grade of odor activity value and health risk impact assessment based on the measured data. This research can provide a reference for the screening of priority control of odor pollutants in odor pollution sites.