Exposure to radiation from global system for mobile communications at 1,800 MHz significantly changes gene expression in rat hippocampus and cortex |
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Authors: | Henrietta Nittby Bengt Widegren Morten Krogh Gustav Grafström Henrik Berlin Gustav Rehn Jacob L Eberhardt Lars Malmgren Bertil R R Persson Leif G Salford |
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Institution: | (1) Departments of Neurosurgery, Lund University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden;(2) Tumour Immunology, Lund University, the Rausing Laboratory and Lund University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden;(3) Theoretical Physics and Protein Technology, Lund University, the Rausing Laboratory and Lund University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden;(4) Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, the Rausing Laboratory and Lund University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden;(5) Applied Electronics, Lund University, the Rausing Laboratory and Lund University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden |
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Abstract: | We have earlier shown that radio frequency electromagnetic fields can cause significant leakage of albumin through the blood–brain
barrier of exposed rats as compared to non-exposed rats, and also significant neuronal damage in rat brains several weeks
after a 2 h exposure to a mobile phone, at 915 MHz with a global system for mobile communications (GSM) frequency modulation,
at whole-body specific absorption rate values (SAR) of 200, 20, 2, and 0.2 mW/kg. We have now studied whether 6 h of exposure
to the radiation from a GSM mobile test phone at 1,800 MHz (at a whole-body SAR-value of 13 mW/kg, corresponding to a brain
SAR-value of 30 mW/kg) has an effect upon the gene expression pattern in rat brain cortex and hippocampus—areas where we have
observed albumin leakage from capillaries into neurons and neuronal damage. Microarray analysis of 31,099 rat genes, including
splicing variants, was performed in cortex and hippocampus of 8 Fischer 344 rats, 4 animals exposed to global system for mobile
communications electromagnetic fields for 6 h in an anechoic chamber, one rat at a time, and 4 controls kept as long in the
same anechoic chamber without exposure, also in this case one rat at a time. Gene ontology analysis (using the gene ontology
categories biological processes, molecular functions, and cell components) of the differentially expressed genes of the exposed
animals versus the control group revealed the following highly significant altered gene categories in both cortex and hippocampus:
extracellular region, signal transducer activity, intrinsic to membrane, and integral to membrane. The fact that most of these
categories are connected with membrane functions may have a relation to our earlier observation of albumin transport through
brain capillaries. |
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Keywords: | Blood– brain barrier Gene expression Gene ontology Microwaves Mobile phone |
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