冬季溅水充氧滴滤池处理农村生活污水的启动研究

研究与开发了一种适合于农村生活污水处理的溅水充氧滴滤池污水处理装置,在冬季低温条件下,通过自然挂膜,人工挂膜和强制挂膜3种不同的方式启动了以陶粒和球形塑料为滤料的溅水充氧滴滤池.自然挂膜的COD去除率为18.5%,人工挂膜的COD去除率为43%.2种方法的NH4 -N去除率在10%左右,TN和TP都低于10%.而在利用污泥强制回流的强制挂膜期间,COD去除率高于其他2种方法,平均达到65%,且出水比较稳定.硝化效果明显较好,NH4 -N平均去除率达到60%.TN和TP去除率达到20%以上.试验结果证明了3种挂膜方式中强制挂膜在溅水充氧滴滤池挂膜成功,能够完成系统的启动.分析了冬季溅水滴滤池工艺不易挂膜的原因,提出了一种以陶粒为滤料的滤池启动成功的方法,通过强制污泥回流实现了低温条件下难以挂膜填料滤池的快速启动.

Research on start-up of spattering trickling filter for rural sewage treatment in winter

The technique of spattering trickling filter(STF) packed with ceramic granular and spherical plastic was developed.Three different start-up methods such as nature start-up,man-made start-up and enforced start-up were investigated in winter.The removal rate of COD averages at 18.5% and 43% during nature and man-made start-up period separately.The removal rates of NH 4-N, TN and TP of both methods are not more than 10%.However,the organic matter degradation and nitrification effect are obviously enhanced during the enforced start-up period by refluxing sludge enforcedly,and the average removal rates of COD,NH 4-N,TN and TP reach 65%,60%,20% and 20% respectively.Results show that the enforced start-up method is successful for the start-up of STF.The reason of the difficult start-up in winter for STF was discussed.An effective way of start-up for STF packed with ceramic granular is put forward.The quick start-up was realized at low temperature by refluxing sludge enforcedly for STF packed with the media on which biofilm is hardly culturing.