调水和季节变化对河流沉积物古菌群落的影响

采用高通量测序方法分析了汾河引黄河段沉积物中古菌群落的组成、相对丰度、多样性，及其与环境因子之间的相关性，揭示引黄调水和季节变化对古菌群落结构的影响.结果表明：冬季时水体SO₄^2-、Cl^-、Na⁺、K⁺等离子浓度、EC、TDS （总溶解固体含量）、沉积物碱解氮和速效磷含量是影响古菌群落结构的主要环境因子，夏季时沉积物pH值、有机质和速效磷含量是主要环境因子.黄河水汇入后河流沉积物中出现了上游未检测到的古菌类群，如TMEG （norank_f_Terrestrial_Miscellaneous_Group）、洛基古菌等.引黄还可以使甲烷杆菌和海洋古菌等在不适宜其生存的时期活跃起来，丰度明显增加.冬季引黄河段古菌数量增加，多样性提高，夏季则相反.季节变化改变了古菌群落的空间相似关系，然而引黄的贡献较季节变化大.研究河段沉积物中古菌群落组成丰富，包含多种至今未被分类定义的古菌.

Effects of water diversion and seasonal change on archaea community in river sediments

The high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the composition, richness and diversity of archaea community in sediments of the water receiving channel of the Fen River to where the Yellow River is transferred. Impacts of the water diversion and seasonal change on the archaea community were revealed, based on the identification of major environmental factors. Results showed that ion concentrations of SO₄^2-, Cl^-, Na⁺, and K⁺, EC, TDS of the river water, alkali-nitrogen, and Olsen-phosphorus of the sediments were the principal factors influencing archaea community in winter. At the same time, pH, soil organic matter and Olsen-phosphorus of the sediments were the main factors in summer. After the inflow of the Yellow River water, TMEG(norank_f_Terrestrial_Miscellaneous_Group), Lokiarchaeota and so on which were not detected in the upstream sediment occurred. Methanobacterium and Marine_Group_Iwere active and abundant even in the disadvantageous periods under the influence of the water diversion. In winter, the richness and diversity of the archaea increased due to the Yellow River water inflow, while they were inversed in summer. The spatial similarity of archaea community altered with the seasonal change; however the contribution of seasonal change was less than that of the water transfer. The archaea community was rich in species and contained many unclassified archaea.