有机垃圾厌氧消化泡沫产生机理及控制方法

为了分析厌氧消化泡沫的产生机理和控制方法有助于解决有机垃圾厌氧消化起泡问题，本文调研了近年来报道的厌氧消化系统起泡现象，并从底物特性、反应器构造及运行条件和消化过程相关特性3方面分析了不同底物、工艺和环境条件下厌氧消化反应器的起泡机理；讨论了丝状菌指数、表面张力、粘度、有机负荷、起泡趋势和泡沫稳定性等参数作为起泡风险评价指标的合理性；介绍和比较了4类消泡方法（物理法、机械法、生物法和化学法）的消泡原理及优缺点.目前，除污泥厌氧消化系统外，其他有机垃圾厌氧消化系统起泡的主要因素尚不明确，而这也限制了泡沫控制方法的开发.后期探索关键起泡微生物或研究生物表面活性物质与起泡的相关性，将有助于从新的角度揭示起泡机理，并开发出针对性更强的泡沫控制方法.

Occurrence mechanisms and control methods of foaming in anaerobic digesters treating organic wastes

Analysis of the occurrence mechanisms and control methods of anaerobic digestion (AD) foam can be helpful to solve the foaming problem in AD of organic waste. Based on the investigation of the foaming incidents occurred in recent years, the occurrence mechanisms under different substrates, operational and environmental conditions were analyzed from the perspectives of substrate properties, digester configuration and operational conditions, as well as digestion process-related characteristics. Moreover, the rationality of parameters that can be used for foaming risk indicators was discussed, including the concentration/abundance of filamentous bacteria, surface tension, viscosity, organic loading rate, foam potential and stability. Finally, the principles, advantages and disadvantages of major defoaming methods (physical, mechanical, biological and chemical methods) were introduced and compared. At present, the primary causes of AD foaming are not yet clear except in sludge digestion systems. This situation limits the subsequent development of foaming control methods in other AD systems. In future, the exploration of specific foaming-related microorganisms or investigation on the relationship between the biosurfactants and foaming incidents, will be useful to reveal the foaming mechanism from a new perspective, develop goal-oriented foaming risk assessment methods and foaming alleviation strategies.