沈阳空气质量对到达地面太阳辐射的影响分析

利用沈阳国家基本气象站1961~2017年气象观测数据和沈阳市2013~2017年逐日空气质量监测数据，研究了沈阳市太阳辐射与空气质量变化特征，及空气质量对到达地面太阳辐射的影响.结果表明：20世纪90年代之后沈阳市太阳总辐射“变亮”与日照增多、大气清洁度增加有关，与总云量、水汽压基本不存在线性相关关系.太阳辐射与空气质量的季节特征相反，太阳总辐射总体为春夏季和初秋强、深秋和冬季弱，而SO₂、NO₂、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5质量浓度以及AQI指数为春夏季和初秋低、深秋及冬季高.在气象因子差异不大的情况下，空气质量情况是影响太阳辐射偏强或偏弱的关键因素，SO₂、NO₂、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5质量浓度偏低是沈阳2017年太阳总辐射、直接辐射异常强的主要原因之一.晴天情况下，沈阳空气质量三级较二级情况下太阳总辐射平均衰减了10%，直接辐射平均衰减了18%.12月下旬的晴天严重污染日，空气污染可导致直接辐射减少67%，总辐射减少34%.PM_2.5的削光作用更为明显，PM_2.5为首要污染物的晴天平均太阳直接辐射衰减明显大于以SO₂和PM₁₀为首要污染物的情况，虽然PM_2.5为首要污染物时的日平均散射辐射大于PM₁₀为首要污染物的情况，但不足以补充其对直接辐射的衰减，进而导致总辐射衰减.

Analysis for the influence of air quality on solar radiation arriving on the ground in Shenyang

Using the meteorological observation data of Shenyang National Basic Meteorological Station from 1961 to 2017 and the daily air quality monitoring data of Shenyang in 2013~2017, the variation characteristics of solar radiation and air quality, and the quantitative influence of air quality on the solar radiation reaching the ground were analyzed. The results show that the "brightening" of total solar radiation in Shenyang after 1990s was related to the increase of sunshine and atmospheric cleanliness, and had no linear correlation with total cloud cover and water vapor pressure. The seasonal characteristics of solar radiation and air quality are opposite. The total solar radiation was strong in spring, summer and early autumn, weak in late autumn and winter. The mass concentration of SO₂, NO₂, CO, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and AQI index were low in spring, summer and early autumn, and high in late autumn and winter. In the case of little difference in meteorological factors, the air quality was the key factor affecting the solar radiation. The low mass concentration of SO₂, NO₂, CO, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was one of the main reasons for the abnormal higher value of total solar radiation and direct radiation in Shenyang in 2017. In sunny days, the average attenuation of total solar radiation and direct radiation was 10% and 18% respectively in level 3 of the air quality compared with that in level 2 in Shenyang. Air pollution can result in 67% reduction in direct radiation and 34% reduction in total radiation in sunny days in the latter part of December. The decreasing influence of PM_2.5 on solar radiation was more obvious. The attenuation of the average direct solar radiation on sunny days with PM_2.5 as the primary pollutant was significantly greater than that with SO₂ and PM₁₀ as the primary pollutants. Although the daily average scattering radiation of PM_2.5 as the primary pollutant was greater than that with PM₁₀ as the primary pollutant, it was not enough to supplement the attenuation of the direct radiation, resulting in the total radiation attenuation.