唐山上空CO2和CO浓度特征的飞机探测研究

为研究唐山城市上空CO₂与CO浓度时空分布，进一步定量其碳排放，于2018年11月~2019年3月，利用运十二飞机搭载高精度温室气体分析仪和相关辅助设备，对唐山市上空（200m~4600m）CO₂与CO浓度进行飞机探测.探测期间共取得6组CO₂和CO浓度垂直廓线数据.结果表明：探测期间CO₂浓度变化范围406×10^-6~453×10^-6，CO浓度变化范围27×10^-9~1135×10^-9.夜间探测有明显的混合层存在时，CO₂与CO浓度分布在混合层内有向上聚集现象，且在混合层顶均达到最大值；白天探测无明显的混合层存在时，浓度整体随高度增加而减小.在探测期间整层的平均风力小于4级时，CO₂和CO浓度极显著相关，CO₂和CO浓度比变化范围32.2~43.9.以2019年2月23日白天的架次为案例进行分析，微风条件下空气团经过城市后，CO₂和CO浓度均有所增加，显示当日唐山是CO₂和CO的源，结合质量平衡法或大气反演模式可以进一步估算城市CO₂和CO排放量.

The characteristic of atmospheric CO2 and CO concentrations based on aircraft observation over Tangshan

During November 2018 and March 2019, a high-precision greenhouse gas analyzer and related auxiliary equipment were carried out by Yun-12aircraft to measure the CO₂ and CO concentration over Tangshan City from 200m to 4600m a.s.l to study the spatial and temporal distribution of CO₂ and CO concentrations over the city. During this observation period, six vertical profiles of CO₂ and CO concentration were obtained. The results showed that the CO₂ concentration varied from 406×10^-6 to 453×10^-6, while the CO concentration varied from 27×10^-9 to 1135×10^-9. For night observations when there were stable mixed layer, both CO₂ and CO concentrations reached their maximums at the top of the mixed layer. However, during daytime when there were no obvious mixed layer, both CO₂ and CO concentrations decreased with height. Significant correlations between CO₂ and CO concentrations were found when the averaged wind speeds were less than that of moderate breeze, and the CO₂/CO ratios ranged from 32.2 to 43.9. In the case study on February 2019, both CO₂ and CO concentrations elevated when the air mass passed over Tangshan, which indicated the city might be a carbon source in this situation, CO₂ flux can be further quantified by mass balance approach or inverse modelling.