景观格局类型对热岛效应的影响——以福州市中心城区为例

以“火炉”城市之一福州市为例，运用RS与GIS技术、半变异函数分析等方法，以2009年、2018年Landsat TM/OLI系列影像为数据源，从城市尺度分析了景观格局与城市热岛的关系，从景观格局特征尺度分析了景观格局类型对热岛效应的影响.结果表明：从2009年、2018年9个景观格局指数计算结果显示福州市中心城区景观格局破碎化程度增加；2009年与2018年的景观格局特征尺度分别为3600m，2500m，表明后者的景观格局更为丰富；虽然主城区的热岛效应得到了一定缓解，但城市热岛的范围逐渐扩大，八个新城分别成为了新的热岛中心；不同景观格局类型的热岛效应的严重情况依次为：纯人工本底格局 > 人工本底的散布格局 > 人工本底的指状、网络格局 > 自然本底的指状、网络格局 > 自然本底的散布格局 > 纯自然本底格局.研究以期通过细化景观格局研究尺度，为具有热岛降温作用的景观格局提出优化的方向.

Influence of landscape pattern types on heat island effect over central Fuzhou City

This paper was conducted in Fuzhou city, which was one of the “furnace cities”.Based on the 2009 and 2018 Landsat TM/OLI imagery and with the support of RS, GIS technology and semi-variogram analysis method, the relationship of urban landscape pattern and the urban heat island effectin city scale, the impact of landscape pattern type on heat island effect in characteristic scale were analysed. The results showed that the calculation results of nine landscape pattern indexes in 2009 and 2018 indicated the fragmentation degree of landscape pattern in Fuzhou central city was increased. The characteristic scales of landscape pattern in 2009 and 2018 were 3,600m and 2,500m respectively, indicating that the landscape pattern of the latter was more abundant. Although the heat island effect in the main urban area had been alleviated, the scope of urban heat island has been gradually expanded, and eight new cities have become the new heat island centres; the heat island severity of different landscape pattern types were pure artificial background pattern > artificial background scattering pattern > finger shape and net shape of the artificial background pattern > finger shape and net shape of the natural background pattern > distribution pattern of the natural background > pure natural background pattern. The purpose of this study is to provide optimization direction for the landscape pattern with heat island cooling effect by refining the scale of landscape pattern research.