光伏行业生命周期碳排放清单分析

本研究建立了光伏行业生命周期碳排放清单，并在处置阶段对不同处置情景的碳排放进行比较.通过现场、资料调研和工艺研发应用的方式，获得光伏行业生产、使用、处置阶段及三个情景的资源、能源的输入/输出和污染物排放数据.结果表明：光伏行业碳排放集中在生产阶段，其中又以高纯多晶硅生产过程的碳排放最高；使用阶段碳排放较小，仅为生产阶段的3%；电耗是最主要的碳排放因素，占生产和使用阶段碳排放的64.98%.处置阶段的3种情景的碳排放由大到小依次是填埋 > 拆解 > 热解，除了填埋略微增加碳排放外，拆解和热解都能显著降低行业碳排放，可分别降低6.03%和33.59%.研究显示采用热解回收技术的光伏组件生命周期单位发电量碳排放强度，不仅低于同类研究，还远低于我国当前电力结构的碳排放水平，发展光伏行业可实现环境与能源双赢.

Inventoryanalysis on carbon emissions of photovoltaicindustry

The inventory of carbon emissions in the life cycle of photovoltaic industry was analyzed. The carbon emissions from different scenarios for disposal stage were compared. The data for the resource, energy fluxes and environmental emissions were obtained from site investigations, published literature and new technologies development and application. It shows that the carbonemissions of manufacture stage were high, among which the polycrystalline silicon production process's carbon emissions were the most. The carbon emissions of use stage were the lowest, accounting for 3.7% of manufacture stage. Thermal power consumption was the primary factor of carbon emissions, which its carbon emission was accounting for 64.98% of manufacture and use stages. The carbon emissions of disposal stage were highest in landfill treatment followed by dismantling and thermal decomposition. Landfill could increase 0.08% of carbon emissions in manufacture and use stage. In contrast, dismantling and thermal decomposition could reduce 6.03% and 33.59% of carbon emissions more significantly. The results highlighted that the carbon emission of 1kW·h of electricity generation from photovoltaic module with thermal decomposition in disposal stage were significantly lower than these from other research and current electrical power system in China. Development of photovoltaic industry would achieve a win-win situation between environment and energy.