机动车轮胎磨损颗粒物化学组分特征研究

为研究机动车道路行驶过程中轮胎磨损排放的颗粒物理化特性，利用轮胎轮廓仿真磨耗仪，对国内主流17种轮胎胎面进行仿真磨耗实验，获得颗粒物样品，提取并检测其中18种元素和20种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量.结果显示，元素和PAHs含量因轮胎品牌和速度等级的不同而差异显著.18种元素平均含量为（99.04±68.43）mg/g，占样品总重的9.90%，其中Si（88.97±67.85）mg/g、Zn（6.77±1.64）mg/g和Na（1.05±0.75）mg/g的平均含量均超过1mg/g，Cd的含量最低，为（0.43±0.31）μg/g.20种PAHs含量之和（∑20PAHs）在12.13~433.64 μg/g，平均为（94.13±110.18）μg/g，PY的平均含量最高（30.98±31.27）μg/g，其次是CHR、BaP、FA、PHE和BghiP，平均含量最低的是AC（0.58±0.2）μg/g；从环数看，以4环PAHs为主（占∑20PAHs的45.03%~67.93%），其次为3环（平均含量为15.45%）和5环（平均含量为12.62%）.总体来说，国外品牌轮胎样品中元素和PAHs含量略高于国内品牌，而主要PAHs环数略低于国内品牌.

The chemical component characteristics of vehicle tire wear particles

To obtainthe physical and chemical characteristics of particulate matter emitted from the tire wears of on-road vehicles, 17 kinds of selected tire tread were worn away by use of the tire profile simulation abrasion instrument. Tire wear particle samples were obtained, and 18 kinds of elements and 20 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extracted and detected. The results showed that the content of elements and PAHs varied significantly with different brand and speed level. The average content of 18 kinds of elements was (99.04±68.43) mg/g, accounting for 9.90% of the samples according to weight percentage, the average content of Si(88.97±67.85) mg/g, Zn(6.77±1.64) mg/g and Na(1.05±0.75) mg/g exceeded 1mg/g, the average content of Cd was (0.43±0.31)μg/g. The total content of 20kinds of PAHs changed from 12.13 to 433.64μg/g, the average content was (94.13±110.18) μg/g. The most abundant component was PY (30.98±31.27) μg/g, followed by CHR, BaP, FA, PHE and BghiP. Among them, AC contributes the lowest share with (0.58±0.2) μg/g on average. In term of the ring number, 4-ring PAHs were the major contents (accounting for 45.03%~67.93%), followed by 3-ring (15.45% on average) and 5-ring (12.62% on average) PAHs. In general, the contents of elements and PAHs in tires of foreign brands were slightly higher than those of domestic brands, while the numbers of PAHs rings were slightly lower than those of domestic brands.