黄河流域非点源污染负荷估算与分析

以全国水资源综合规划为契机,对黄河流域非点源污染展开研究.利用3S技术,对黄河流域干、支流2000年河道及土壤等方面的空间、属性数据进行分析,结合试验监测数据,应用二元结构模型估算黄河流域不同非点源污染类型的负荷.计算结果表明:(1)2000年黄河流域总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)的非点源污染负荷已超过点源污染负荷;(2)农田是黄河流域重要的氮、磷非点源污染来源,分别占50%和64%;(3)非点源污染负荷空间分布图显示,传统牧区及黄河源区牲畜养殖造成的非点源污染比较突出;(4)城市和乡村总氮污染占流域非点源负荷的比例相对较低,而其总磷污染则对黄河流域有比较大的影响;(5)由土壤侵蚀引起的氮污染远大于磷污染.

An estimation and evaluation of non-point source (NPS) pollution in the Yellow River Basin

It is necessary to assess NPS pollution loads in the Yellow River Basin in the national water resource synthesis plan. Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System techniques, the study has been carried out to analyze water and soil pollution data in the Yellow River Basin in 2000. The results are as follows: (1) The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads in the form of NPS pollution are greater than the point source pollution in 2000; (2) Agriculture is the key source of TN and TP NPS pollution, mainly distributed in the Weihe River, the Fenhe River, and the Ningmeng irrigation regions; (3) In the pasturing areas, culture raising contributes much of the NPS pollution; (4) The impact of TN in urban and rural areas is relatively less than that of TP for the same areas throughout the Yellow River Basin; (5) The load of nitrogen from erosion is greater than the phosphorus load.