工艺过程源和溶剂使用源挥发性有机物排放成分谱研究进展

工艺过程源和溶剂使用源是我国大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)最主要的工业来源,近年来源成分谱的研究逐步受到重视.本文总结梳理了2000年以来国内外有关工艺过程源和溶剂使用源排放VOCs特征的相关研究,对比分析了不同研究结果的差异,结合不同研究的对象和方法,探讨了影响溶剂使用和工艺过程源排放成分谱研究的主要影响因素.结果表明,工艺过程源下分的32个三级子类(参照国家《大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南》源分类方法)中,有相关研究报道的包括八类;溶剂使用源下分的10个三级子类中,有相关研究报道的包括四类.总体而言,细化的行业研究种类比较少,不同行业排放VOCs组成差异大,可比性较差.污染源采集测试方法对同一行业源排放成分谱研究结果有较大影响.此外,成分谱中VOCs物质名录的不统一也不利于不同研究结果的比较;含氧VOCs是上述两类污染源排放的重要组分,需要纳入测量范围.未来,有必要建立开放交互式的工艺过程源和溶剂使用源排放VOCs成分谱库平台,鼓励并形成不同研究结果的共享及录入机制;并建立相关研究成果数据入库规范,包括研究的对象、方法、地区、时段以及样本量等详细信息,以便开展不同VOCs源成分谱不确定性评判.

Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) Source Profiles of Industrial Processing and Solvent Use Emissions: A Review

Industrial processing and solvent use are two most important industrial sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China, and the source profile study has attracted increasing attention recently. Studies of VOCs source profiles from industrial processing and solvent use since the year of 2000 were summarized in this study, focusing on the comparison among different studies and the potential impact of different research methods. In general, studies were very limited and focused on few sources. Specifically, only 8 of 32 sub-categories of the industrial processing (according to the source classification method of the National Guidelines for VOCs Inventories Preparation) have been reported, and in terms of the solvent use sources, 4 of 10 sub-categories have been reported. There were large differences among the VOCs patterns of different sub categories emissions of industrial processing or solvent use. In terms of studies of the similar emissions, significant differences of VOCs profiles were resulted from the different research methods, such as the different sampling methods and VOCs analysis techniques. In addition, the non-uniformity of VOC species in the source profile caused difficulty for the comparison of different research results. Oxygen-containing VOCs were important components of the above two types of pollution sources and needed to be included in the measurement. An opening and interactive database of VOCs from industrial processing and solvent use is critically essential in the future, and mechanisms of sharing and inputting relative research results should be formed to encourage researchers to join the database establishment. Correspondingly, detailed quality assurance and quality control procedures are also very important, which include the detailed information such as research objectives, sampling and analysis methods, research region and time, and test times, et al. Based on the community above, a better uncertainty analysis could be carried out for the VOCs emissions profiles, which is critically important to understand the VOCs emission characteristics of the industrial processing and solvent use.