环境容量使用权：为节能减排立法

20世纪90年代以来,中国经济发展进入了快速增长阶段,同时也付出了巨大的资源和环境代价。节能减排,成为评价经济发展、考验环境自净能力的约束性指标和必然的政策选择。环境容量使用权理论表明,可转让的环境容量使用权有利于外部性内部化。节能减排立法的重点是权利安排,本文借鉴环境容量使用权理论,并结合国内外环境容量使用权的交易机制以及节能减排的国际行动等实践经验,提出水、土、气等基本要素环境容量总量控制与节能减排目标分解设想,旨在为建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,应对全球气候变化提供相应的政策选择,为今后的法律行动提供框架性建议。

Right to Use Environmental Capacity: Legislation for Reducing Energy Consumption and Pollution Emission

The rapid economic development after the year 1990 in China resulted in the large loss of natural resources and environment.Consequently,the reduction of energy consumption and pollution emission had become an inevitable policy choice to sustain economic development,as well as maintain ecological balance.The theory of the right to use environmental capacity showed that the transferable and tradable right to use environmental capacity helped to internalize externalities during the allocation of natural resources and environment.The key of legislation for reducing energy consumption and pollution emission,just as other legislations,was the arrangement of rights.This paper applied the theory of the right to use environmental capacity,and combined with the international experiences both in trading in the right to use environmental capacity and in reducing energy consumption and pollution emission.Therefore,it proposed an assumption on total emission control of environmental capacity composed of water,land and air etc basic factors,and its scheme applied in reducing energy consumption and pollution emission.Thus it provided the framework implications in the future legislative actions on building up a resource-saving and environment-friendly society for the response to global climate change.