Impact of large industrial emission sources on mortality and morbidity in Chile: A small-areas study |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile;2. Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad de Caldas, Carrera 25 N° 48-56, Manizales, Colombia;3. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Pedro de Valdivia 641, Providencia, Santiago, Chile;1. Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China;2. Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Company Limited (TJAD), Shanghai, China;3. Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center (SEMC), Shanghai, China;4. R&B Technology (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai, China;5. Department of Thermal Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China;6. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China;7. Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;1. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 115 27 Athens, Greece;2. Department of Primary Care & Public Health Sciences and Environmental Research Group, King''s College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK |
| |
| Abstract: | Chile suffers significant pollution from large industrial emitters associated with the mining, metal processing, paper production, and energy industries. The aim of this research was to determine whether the presence of large industrial facilities (i.e. coal- and oil-fired power plants, pulp and paper mills, mining facilities, and smelters) affects mortality and morbidity rates in Chile. For this, we conducted an ecological study that used Chilean communes as small-area observation units to assess mortality and morbidity. Public databases provided information on large pollution sources relevant to Chile. The large sources studied were oil- and coal-fired power plants, copper smelters, pulp and paper mills, and large mining facilities. Large sources were filtered by first year of production, type of process, and size. Mortality and morbidity data were acquired from public national databases, with morbidity being estimated from hospitalization records. Cause-specific rates were calculated for the main outcomes: cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer; and other more specific health outcomes. The impact of the large pollution sources was estimated using Bayesian models that included spatial correlation, overdispersion, and other covariates. Large and significant increases in health risks (around 20%–100%) were found for communes with power plants and smelters for total, cardiovascular, respiratory, all-cancer, and lung cancer mortality. Higher hospitalization rates for cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, cancer, and pneumonia (20–100%) were also found for communes with power plants and smelters. The impacts were larger for men than women in terms of both mortality and hospitalizations. The impacts were also larger when the sources were analyzed as continuous (production volume) rather than dichotomous (presence/absence) variables. In conclusion, significantly higher rates of total cardiovascular, respiratory, all-cancer and lung cancer mortality and cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer and pneumonia hospitalizations were observed in communes with power plants and smelters. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
