Association between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds and symptoms of infections at age 1–4 years among 359 children in the Odense Child Cohort |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark;2. Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Hans Christian Andersen Children''s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark;4. Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;5. Odense Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark;6. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;1. Guanghzou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;2. Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia;3. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia;4. Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;5. Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;1. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;2. Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;3. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;4. Department of Public Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;5. Department of Biostatistics, Division of Advanced Medical Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;1. Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;2. Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9 West 9 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;3. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionPerfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) are persistent industrial chemicals that have resulted in global environmental exposures. Previous epidemiological studies have reported possible effects on the immune system after developmental PFAS exposure, but the possible impact on childhood infectious disease is unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between prenatal exposure to PFAS and symptoms of infections at age 1–4 years.MethodsThe Odense Child Cohort is an on-going prospective study on children's health, where serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were measured in 649 pregnant women before gestational week 16. Of these women, 359 reported on symptoms of infection in their child every two weeks for a one-year period. The association between prenatal exposure to PFAS and the symptoms was estimated using a logistic regression model and a negative binomial regression model. For the latter, the outcome was reported as an incidence rate-ratio (IRR), and all models were adjusted for maternal age, educational level, parity and child age.ResultsOn average, the children experienced symptoms of infection 23% of the time during one year. PFOS exposure in the high tertile compared to the low tertile was associated with a statistically significant increased proportion of days with fever (IRR: 1.65 (95% CI: 1.24, 2.18), P-trend < 0.001) and an increased odds of experiencing days with fever above the median (OR: 2.35 (95% CI: 1.31, 4.11). The latter tendency was also apparent for PFOA (OR: 1.97 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.62). Further, higher concentrations of PFOS and PFOA tended to increase the number of episodes of co-occurrence of fever and coughing and fever and nasal discharge during the one-year study period.ConclusionWe found a positive association between prenatal exposure to PFOS and PFOA and the prevalence of fever, which may be a sensitive marker of infection. This finding is in agreement with an immunotoxic effect of prenatal exposure to PFAS. The wider implications for childhood infectious disease deserve attention. |
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