基于元胞自动机的复杂建筑物中人员逃生模型研究

针对复杂建筑物中人群安全疏散问题,在原有的元胞自动机行人流模型基础上,利用不同人员行进速度、不同方向行进速度的差异以及疏散连续性等特征优化该模型,使其在模拟逃生规律和疏散时间方面更加合理、可靠。通过多组人群行进速度测定试验,利用曲线拟合方法,获取不同属性人群向不同高度的台阶行进的速度,并制定台阶等级划分规则,优化人员速度计算方法,结合累积位移量,构建复杂建筑元胞自动机模型。利用Matlab软件建立原有疏散模型及复杂建筑元胞自动机模型,分别模拟某海豚表演馆疏散情况。结果表明,复杂建筑元胞自动机模型的模拟数据与实际演习数据相比,在疏散总时间方面存在5%~8%相对偏差,相比原有疏散模型,在模拟复杂建筑疏散问题中更具说服力。

Model of Personnel Evacuation in Complex Structures Based on Cellular Automata

According to the crowd safety evacuation in complex buildings ,this paper utilizes different personnel speed di-fference ,the direction of the speed difference ,continuity of evacuation and other characteristics based on the typical cellular automata pedestrian flow model to optimize the model ,making it more reasonable and reliable in a simulated escape and time .In order to improve the speed calculation method ,and further improve the evacuation rules combined with cumulative displacement amount ,the walking speed of groups of people are tested ,and the method of curve fitting is used to obtain the moving speed of different people in different height steps of buildings ,and defining the rules of step grade division .Finally , the software of Matlab is used to build the model of the original evacuation and the cellular automaton model of the complex building ,and the simulation of the evacuation of a dolphin’s performance is accomplished .The results show that the abso-lute deviation between simulation results and the relative deviation varies from 5% to 8% in total evacuation time compared to the original evacuation model ,the model is more convincing in the simulation of large events in complex buildings .