减少木材加工企业粉尘污染的切削技术

木粉尘是我国木材加工企业环境污染及产生职业病的主要原因,为控制木粉尘产生量和散发量,笔者从切削及刀具技术角度探讨了降低空气中粉尘浓度的途径;指出粉尘是木材切削加工的产物,其产生量与散发量直接与木材切削方式、切削条件和刀具的结构密切相关;提出研究无屑、少屑和顺畅排屑等方面木材切削和刀具技术的重要性。综述了激光、高压水喷射等特种木材切削技术的研究及应用现状;介绍了金刚石木工铣刀及超薄硬质合金圆锯片等先进刀具技术;探讨并分析了影响木粉尘产生量的切削因素。指出我国大多数木材加工企业工作车间或作业场所的空气中,粉尘浓度严重超标,因此,研究和开发具有环保特点的绿色切削技术和木工刀具制造技术具有重要意义。

Cutting Technology for Reducing Dust Pollution in Woodworking Mills

Wood dust is the main environment pollutant and the main factor causing occupational disease in woodworking mills. In order to control the dispersion quantity of wood dust, approaches for reducing the wood dust in air based on cutting and tool technology are discussed. The quantity of wood dust produced in wood cutting is closely related with wood cutting modes, conditions and tool structures. The importance of researching various cutting tools and technologies is put forward. The research and application of new technologies such as laser and highpressure water jet are reviewed. Advanced tools such as diamond cutter and ultra-thin carbide-tipped wood blade are introduced. The cutting factors influencing the quantity of dust are discussed. Since the concentrations of wood dust in most of woodworking mills in China exceed the hygienic standard, the study and development of new cutting tools and technologies capable of reducing wood dust is of great significance.