Cancer risk from gaseous carbonyl compounds in indoor environment generated from household coal combustion in Xuanwei,China |
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| Authors: | Ka-Hei Lui Wen-Ting Dai Chi-Sing Chan Linwei Tian Bo-Fu Ning Yiping Zhou Xiaolin Song Bei Wang Jinwen Li Jun-Ji Cao Shun-Cheng Lee Kin-Fai Ho |
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| Institution: | 1.The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China;2.Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an,China;3.The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an,China;4.School of Public Health,The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China;5.Xuanwei City Center for Disease Control and Prevention—Chronic Non-infectious Disease Control Department,Xuanwei,China;6.Coal Geology Prospecting Institute of Yunnan Province,Kunming,China;7.Faculty of Science and Technology,Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China;8.Institute of Global Environmental Change,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,China;9.Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Research Center of Urban Environmental Technology and Management,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong,China |
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| Abstract: | Airborne carbonyls were characterized from emitted indoor coal combustion. Samples were collected in Xuanwei (Yunnan Province), a region in China with a high rate of lung cancer. Eleven of 19 types of samples (58%) demonstrated formaldehyde concentrations higher than the World Health Organization exposure limit (a 30-min average of 100 μg m?3). Different positive significant correlations between glyoxal/methylglyoxal and formaldehyde/acetaldehyde concentrations were observed, suggesting possible different characteristics in emissions between two pairs of carbonyl compounds. A sample in the highest inhalation risk shows 29.2 times higher risk than the lowest sample, suggesting different coal sampling locations could contribute to the variation of inhalation risk. Inhabitants in Xuanwei also tend to spend more time cooking and more days per year indoors than the national average. The calculated cancer risk ranged from 2.2–63 × 10?5, which shows 13 types of samples at high-risk level. Cumulative effect in combination with different carbonyls could have contributed to the additive actual inhalation cancer risk. There is a need to explicitly address the health effects of environmentally relevant doses, considering life-long exposure in indoor dwellings. |
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