In-depth analysis of aluminum flows in Austria as a basis to increase resource efficiency |
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| Institution: | 1. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan;2. Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan;3. Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;4. Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan;1. Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria;2. Research Group Environmental Chemistry and Technology (ENVOC), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;1. Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research “Energy & Environment”, University of Bologna, Bologna 40136, Italy;2. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States;3. Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;4. Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States;1. SINTEF Raufoss Manufacturing AS, PO Box 163, 2831 Raufoss, Norway;2. Gjøvik University College, Teknologivn 20, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway |
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| Abstract: | Based on the method of material flow analysis (MFA), a static model of Austrian aluminum (Al) flows in 2010 was developed. Extensive data research on Al production, consumption, trade and waste management was conducted and resulted in a detailed model of national Al resources. Data uncertainty was considered in the model based on the application of a rigorous concept for data quality assessment. The model results indicated that the growth of the Austrian “in-use” Al stock amounts to 11 ± 3.1 kg yr−1 cap−1. The total “in-use” Al stock was determined using a bottom-up approach, which produced an estimate of 260 kg Al cap−1. Approximately 7 ± 1 kg of Al yr−1 cap−1 of old scrap was generated in 2010, of which 20% was not recovered because of losses in waste management processes. Quantitatively, approximately 40% of the total scrap input to secondary Al production originated from net imports, highlighting the import dependency of Austrian Al refiners and remelters. Uncertainties in the calculation of recycling indicators for the Austrian Al system with high shares of foreign scrap trade were exemplarily illustrated for the old scrap ratio (OSR) in secondary Al production, resulting in a possible range of OSRs between 0 and 66%. Overall, the detailed MFA in this study provides a basis to identify resource potentials as well as resource losses in the national Al system, and it will serve as a starting point for a dynamic Al model to be developed in the future. |
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| Keywords: | MFA Resource management Aluminum Austria Recycling Scrap |
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