耕地资源价值重建及其货币化评价——以青岛市为例

耕地价值具有多元性，其生态价值和社会价值等非市场价值往往在决策中被忽视，从而导致大量耕地资源被过度地开发及低效利用。科学系统地评价耕地价值是促进耕地资源持续利用的关键。论文以青岛市为例，借鉴资源经济学的市场价值法、替代市场法及成果参照法等研究方法，重建了耕地资源价值体系，并对耕地各项服务功能价值逐一进行了货币化评价。研究结果表明：①青岛市耕地每年提供的服务功能价值高达2.544 1×10¹⁰元，相当于青岛当年地区生产总值的16.76%，是显化的耕地经济价值的4.3倍，若将耕地每年提供的服务功能价值纳入耕地资源利用决策体系，必将有效地抑制过度占用耕地的投资冲动；②青岛市的耕地价值以社会价值为主，占其总价值的50.59%，而经济价值和生态价值分别占其总价值的23.38%和26.03%，其中，耕地的社会价值主要体现在维护社会稳定功能上，占其社会价值的82%；③青岛市的耕地征用补偿标准明显偏低，作为耕地保护主体的农民获得的补偿尚不到工业用地出让价格的10%；④应重新审视“耕地占补平衡”政策的生态环境效应，青岛市为实现区域内耕地总量动态平衡至少付出了3.46×109元（还原利率5%计）的生态代价。

Reconstruction of Cultivated Land Resources Value System and Its Evaluation: A Case Study of Qingdao

Value of cultivated land has pluralism, its ecological value and social value, which are usually ignored in the course of public decision-making, are important components of cultivated land resources value system. The ignorance of non-market value of cultivated land results in over-exploitation, excessive use and inefficient allocation of cultivated land. It's the key to sustainable utilization of cultivated land that people can scientifically and systematically evaluate total value of cultivated land. Based on research methods of resource economics, such as market value method, alternative cost method, conditional value method, and reference achievement method, this paper reconstructs cultivated land value system and evaluates various service function values of cultivated land in Qingdao one by one. The results shows that: 1) Annual service value that is provided by cultivated land in Qingdao is up to 2.5441×10~(10) yuan, being equal to 16.76% of current GDP in Qingdao and 4.3 times the value of economic output of cultivated land. If the total value of cultivated land is taken into account in the course of decision-making of cultivated land utilization, people's investment impulse of excessively occupied cultivated land will be restrained. 2) Social value of cultivated land is a dominant component of the total value of cultivated land, accounting for 50.59% of the total value of cultivated land, while economic value and ecological value of cultivated land account for 23.38% and 26.03% respectively, moreover, the value of maintaining social stability function accounts for 82% of the social value of cultivated land. 3) Compensation standard of land requisition which peasants got is obviously low, and less than 10% of the industrial land price. 4) The policy of dynamic balance of the total amount of cultivated land shouldbe reviewed, which makes Qingdao pay at least 3.46×10~9 yuan of the ecological cost (capitalization rate with 5%).