稻香湖景酒店景观再生水生产中的细菌群落结构变化

为了解生活污水处理系统对水体细菌群落结构及多样性的影响,以北京稻香湖景酒店生活污水处理系统为例,利用16SrDNA文库技术研究了不同处理阶段水体细菌的群落结构及多样性.结果表明,酒店排放的生活污水中细菌类型较多,Shannon-Weaver多样性指数为3.12,其中ε-变形杆菌纲在克隆文库中所占比例最高,达32%;另外还有9%～15%的克隆分别与CFB类群、γ-变形杆菌纲、梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门的细菌高度同源;经中水站处理后,水体细菌多样性指数下降到2.41,β-变形杆菌纲的细菌占据绝对优势,比例高达73%;进一步经小型人工湿地处理后,细菌的多样性指数提高到3.38,其中放线菌门的细菌比例最高达33%,成为最优势的类群,蓝细菌的比例次之,达26%;而对照样品中蓝细菌为最主要的优势类群,比例高达38%,主要涉及的种属为蓝菌属、聚球藻属和微囊藻属,比例分别为47.1%、17.6%和8.8%,且检测到少量铜绿微囊藻,水体有轻度蓝藻水华暴发.因此,该酒店的生活污水经过逐级处理改造成景观再生水的过程中改变了细菌的优势群落结构和多样性;经过处理的水体未有蓝藻水华出现,水体状况优于对照.该研究对了解景观再生水生产过程中细菌微生态的变化、将来从生态学的角度加强蓝藻水华的控制提供有用的资料.

Changes of Bacterial Community Structure on Reusing Domestic Sewage of Daoxianghujing Hotel to Landscape Water

A 16S rDNA library was used to evaluate the bacterial diversity and identify dominant groups of bacteria in different treatment pools in the domestic sewage system of the Beijing Daoxianghujing Hotel. The results revealed that there were many types of bacteria in the hotel domestic sewage, and the bacterial Shannon-Weaver diversity index was 3.12. In addition, epsilon Proteobacteria was found to be the dominant group with the ratio of 32%. In addition, both the CFB phylum, Fusobacteria, gamma Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were also reached to 9%-15%. After treated with the reclaimed water station, the bacterial Shannon-Weaver diversity index was reduced to 2.41 and beta Proteobacteria became the dominant group and occupied 73% of the total clones. However, following artificial wetland training, the bacterial Shannon-Weaver diversity index in the sample increased to 3.38, Actinobacteria arrived to 33% and became the most dominant group; Cyanobacteria reached to 26%, and was the second dominant group. But, the control sample comprised 38% Cyanobacteria, and mainly involved in Cyanobium, Synechoccus and Microcystis, with ratios of 47.1%, 17.6%and 8.8%, respectively. Some bacteria of Microcystis aeruginosa were also detected, which probably resulted in the light bloom finally. Therefore, the bacterial diversity and community structures changed in response to treatment of the hotel domestic sewage; there was no cyanobacteria bloom explosion in the treated water. This study will aid in investigation the changes of microbial ecology in different types of water and providing the useful information for enhancing the cyanobacteria blooms control from ecological angle.