基于GIS和RS的三峡库区重庆段钉螺可疑滋生环境研究

三峡库区位于江汉平原和四川成都平原两大血吸虫病流行区之间。经调查，三峡库区重庆段从未发现血吸虫唯一的中间宿主——钉螺的分布。但水库蓄水后，水面增大，流速减缓，泥沙淤积量增加，库区内可形成冲积洲及滩地，加之库区的气候条件适宜，很可能导致钉螺的孳生及扩散，使血吸虫病蔓延到库区。利用GIS和RS技术，探讨了在三峡库区寻找钉螺可疑滋生环境的方法。使用的主要数据包括1971~2000年的重庆市及周边气象站点的观测气象资料、长江主航道及其支流的水文数据以及4景ETM遥感影像。根据适宜钉螺生存的气象要素、消落带和植被等关键生态参数，试图找出三峡库区重庆段适宜钉螺生存的可疑滋生区域，并确定了巫山的大昌镇和开县的渠口镇为重点监测区

DETECTING POTENTIAL SURVIVAL REGIONS OF ONCOMELANIA BASED ON GIS AND RS TECHNIQUE IN CHONGQING SEGMENT OF THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

Three Gorges reservoir area is located between Jianghan Plain and Chengdu Plain,where schistosomiasis is epidemic.Before the dam,the distribution of Oncomelania which is the only intermediate host of schistosoma has never been found in Chongqing segment of the Three Gorges reservoir.However,after the dam,the water flow rate of the Changjiang River and tributaries slows down,sedimentation increases,and alluvial bottomland comes into being.Combined with the suitable climatic conditions,it is likely to cause the breeding and proliferation of Oncomelania which can make the spread of schistosomiasis.In this paper,we developed method to find out the potential breeding region of Oncomelania in the Three Gorges reservoir area based on GIS and RS.Major data used in this study included meteorological data of 56 stations during 1971~2000,hydrological data of the main channel and tributaries of the Changjiang River,and ETM remote sensing data.With the evaluation of refined meteorological element distribution maps,water level fluctuation zone,vegetation and other key ecological parameters,we found the potential breeding region of Oncomelania in the Three Gorges reservoir area,and selected two focus regions of Qukou in Kaixian and Dachang in Wushan for further monitoring.