AAO污水处理工艺中厌氧氨氧化效能及微生物交互作用

选取3座AAO工艺市政污水处理厂为研究对象，应用qPCR和¹⁵N稳定同位素示踪技术，考察活性污泥样品中厌氧氨氧化菌丰度、速率、功能及与其他氮循环微生物的季节性交互作用.结果表明，所有样品中均能检测到厌氧氨氧化菌，其丰度为10⁶~10⁷copies/g VSS，速率为0.11~0.90μmol N/（g VSS·h）.较自养硝化而言，异养反硝化过程不仅具有为厌氧氨氧化菌提供更多NO₂^-的潜势，还是NO₂^-的强力竞争者；而自养硝化过程中的AOB较AOA能提供更多NO₂^-.厌氧氨氧化菌对氨氧化的贡献率为2.55%~7.89%，对系统脱氮的贡献率为2.07%~6.59%，且夏季表现均高于冬季.CCA结果进一步证明环境温度是活性污泥中厌氧氨氧化表现的关键环境要素之一，而反硝化和硝化速率则是关键微生物因素.说明虽然厌氧氨氧化菌在污水生物处理系统中的丰度并不高，但依然起着不容忽视的脱氮效能，该研究结果补充了污水生物处理脱氮过程和氮素迁移转化过程中的氮平衡计算，为厌氧氨氧化在低氨氮城市污水处理领域的生产性应用提供理论支持.

The role and microbial interaction of anammox in WWTPs with AAO process

Basing on qPCR assay and ¹⁵N isotope tracing technique, the abundance, rate, role, and microbial interaction of anammox was investigated in three WWTPs of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) process. Results showed anammox bacteria was detected in all samples with abundance of 10⁶~10⁷copies/g VSS, and rate of 0.11~0.90 μmol N/(g VSS·h). As for the microbial interaction among anammox and other microbial process, heterotrophic denitrification was not only a more important provider but a stronger competitor for NO₂^-, compared with autotrophic nitrification, in which AOB was the major NO₂^- producer. The roles of anammox to ammonia oxidation and nitrogen removal were calculated to be 2.55%~7.89% and 2.07%~6.59%, respectively, and the role of anammox in summer was higher than that in winter. Further, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) proved the temperature is one of the key environmental variables, and nitri- & denitri- rates were primary microbial factors for anammox. Results suggested although the abundance of anammox bacteria was not high, the widespread of anammox played an overlooked role of N removal, which supplemented N balance calculation in biological wastewater treatment process, and provided theoretical support for the realization of anammox in the field of low-NH₄⁺-N sewage treatment.