前沿技术进步、技术效率和区域经济差距

采用1998-2009年中国30个省市的人均GDP与当年全国人均GDP的差值作为区域经济差距指标,运用核密度估计方法观察了我国区域经济差距的变动状况。从核密度图可知,我国区域经济呈现出收敛的态势;通过随机前沿模型从全要素生产率中分解出前沿技术进步和技术效率,利用1998-2009年28个省市的面板数据,检验了全要素生产率对区域经济差距的影响。实证结果显示,前沿技术进步能够显著的缩小区域经济差距,其中对于东部地区的效果较为显著,技术效率则能够扩大东部地区的经济差距,对于中部和西部地区的影响不显著。政策含义是缩小东部地区经济差距的主要途径是加大对科技创新领域的投入,加强对欠发达地区的技术支持;对于中部地区和西部地区而言,则应该是加大市场化水平、对外开放水平和地方支出比重。

Frontier Technical Development,Technical Efficiency and Regional Disparity

Using the differences between per capita GDP of 30 provinces and per capita GDP of the whole country from 1998 to 2009 as the index,the paper describes the change progress of regional disparity through the kernel density estimation method.From the density figure,it’s known that regional economy presents a situation of convergence;using the frontier technical development and the technical efficiency into which we have decomposed the total factor productivity,and making use of the inter-provincial data of 1998 to 2009,we have researched the impact of total factor productivity on regional disparity.The result indicates that frontier technical development has a positive effect on regional disparity and can narrow the economic gap in the eastern region;on the other hand,technical efficiency has a negative effect on regional disparity of the eastern region,while the central and western regions show no significant influence.The policy suggestions of the present paper are: the main route to narrow the economic gap in the eastern region is to increase the input of science and technology and strengthen the underdeveloped areas;for the central and western regions,the government should raise the level of opening-up,speed up the process of marketization and increase the proportion of expenditure.