冻融条件下土壤N_2O排放研究进展

随着全球气候变化以及突发性气候事件频繁发生,温室气体逐渐成为公众普遍关注的问题.作为温室气体的重要组成之一,土壤N_2O气体排放也一直都是研究的焦点.但长期以来开展的土壤N_2O监测大多在作物生长季节,随着研究的深入和领域的拓展,很多试验和数据证实冻融条件下土壤N_2O的排放不容忽视.冻融条件下土壤N_2O排放主要受土壤水分形态和分布,土壤团聚体形成或破碎,土壤微生物种群和数量,以及N_2O产生途径变化等因素影响.从以上几个方面综述了国内外冻融条件下土壤N_2O排放的研究进展.结合作者相关研究结果认为应加强以下重点领域研究:土壤团聚体形成或破碎导致微生物可利用的有机碳的包被或释放,冻融过程微生物种群变化引起对不同氮素形态的利用效率差异.解决这些问题将可以进一步丰富土壤温室气体产排领域的研究内容和理论体系.

Progress on N_2O emission from soil in the freeze-thaw process

With global climate change and unexpected climatic events frequent breaking out, greenhouse gases has been obviously concerned. As an important greenhouse gas, soil N_2O gas emissions have been also focusing great attention, but most scientific ex-periments were carried out in the crop growing season. With the development of depth and scope, some studies and data confirmed that soil N_2O emissions in the freeze-thaw process can not be ignored, soil N_2O emissions in the freeze-thaw process were affected by soil water morphology and distribution; soil aggregates formation and fragmentation; soil microbial populations and the quantity, as well as ways to producing N_2O. In this paper, the factors of N_2O emissions in the freeze-thaw process were reviewed from above four aspects. Then, author prospects the following two key areas: soil aggregates formation or fragmentation causing organic carbon coated or released differs micro-organisms activities, freeze-thaw process changing microbial populations differs nitrogen use efficiency. Solving the problems will enrich the soil greenhouse gases emission in the field of research content and theory.