三峡库区消落带富营养化及其危害预测和防治

三峡水库蓄水运行后将出现一个落差达30 m的永久消落带。消落带是水域生态系统与岸上陆地生态系统的交替控制地带，该地带具有生物的多样性、人类活动的频繁性和生态的脆弱性，随着人类活动的影响，已成为湖岸带中生态最脆弱的地带。由于工业和生活用水污染以及水体自净能力下降，消落区富营养化相关物质（如氮和磷）污染会进一步加剧。因此，必须针对库区消落带地区的特殊情况，选择适当的模式对消落带进行超前环境整治和保护，实现三峡库区生态系统的恢复和重建。

FORECAST OF AQUATIC EUTROPHICATION AND ITS HARMS AND THE PREVENTION COUNTERMEASURES IN WATER-LEVEL-FLUCTUATING ZONE OF THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, a 30 meters high permanent water-level-fluc- tuating zone (WLFZ) will appear. WLFZ is an extraordinary and the most fragile zone with aquatic and land ecosystems. Because of the start of the Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River and the increasing industrial and municipal wastewater, the flow velocity of the Yangtze River will slow down greatly and the self-purification ability of the river will decline. The input of excessive macronutrients (nitrogen and phos- phorus) pollution will become more serious in WLFZ. According to the special situation of the water-level- fluctuating zone, the protection and countermeasures should be brought forward so as to improve the eco- system restoration of the Three Gorges reservoir.