长江三角洲城郊畜禽粪便的污染负荷及其防治对策

长江三角洲是我国经济最发达的地区之一,随着经济的高速发展,区内地表水环境迅速趋于恶化。研究发现,畜禽粪便流失污染地表水的现象已成为本区郊县(区)最大的有机污染源和最引入注目的非点源污染问题之一。以地处长江三角洲地区的上海、苏锡常、杭嘉湖和宁绍地区为例,结合当地畜禽饲养量,采用各类畜禽的粪便及其污染物的排泄系数,估算了畜禽粪便的污染负荷当量。从现行的政策法规、饲养基地的布局和利用情况等方面分析了近年来本区畜禽污染严重的原因。提出要加强畜禽粪便的综合治理力度,制订畜牧业污染防治法,完善和配套畜禽粪便的综合治理设施,实现畜禽粪便的资源化、减量化、无害化和生态化,形成布局合理、设施先进、清洁生产、达标排放的长江三角洲畜牧业生产新格局。

WASTE LOADING AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES ON THE EXCRETA OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN THE YANGTZE DELTA

With the rapid development of economy, the quality of surface water is worsening fast in recent years in the Yangtze Delta, one of the most developed regions in China. It was found that the domestic animal excreta had become the largest source of organic contamination and one conspicuous problem of none-point pollution. In this paper, the waste loadings were estimated through the breeding numbers and respective excretive coefficients. The causes of this kind of contamination were analyzed from various aspects, such as the active statutes, the arrangement of breeding bases, the use of the excreta. And the treatment strategies were discussed systematically as follows:to strengthen the force of integrated treatment and draw a special law of prevention and cure for stockbreeding, consummate the treatment establishments for various scales of breeding bases. A new pattern which has reasonable arrangement, advanced establishment, clean production and rational discharge is to be achieved through recycle, abatement and harmlessness of domestic animal excreta.