我国海岸线保护利用现状及管理对策

海岸线是沿海地区海洋经济发展的空间载体，也是保护海洋环境、维持海岸带生态平衡的重要平台。广义上可分为自然岸线和人工岸线两类。20世纪90年代以来，随着中国沿海地区经济社会快速发展，近岸海域和海岸线开发强度不断加大，截至2016年，全国人工岸线比例已超过68.5%，个别省市人工岸线已超过90%。海岸线超负荷开发利用带来了环境问题，也给海岸线的保护和管理造成了困难。建议从确立海岸线管理制度、建立自然岸线保有率责任监督机制、实施海岸线整治修复以及落实海岸线监督管理等角度开展工作，推进新时期我国海岸线资源保护和利用管理工作。

Current situation and management countermeasures of coastline protection and utilization in China

Coastalline is not only the space carrier of marine economic development in coastal areas, but also an important platform to protect the marine environment and maintain the ecological balance of coastal zone. Generally speaking, it can be divided into natural shoreline and artificial shoreline. Since the 1990s, with the rapid economic and social development of China's coastal areas, the intensity of offshore sea area and coastline development has been increasing. By 2016, the proportion of artificial coastline in China has exceeded 68.5%, and that of individual provinces and cities has exceeded 90%. Overload development and utilization of the coastline has brought about environmental problems, and also caused difficulties in the protection and management of the coastline. It is suggested that work should be carried out from the perspectives of establishing coastline management system, establishing responsibility supervision mechanism of natural coastline retention rate, implementing coastline rehabilitation and implementing coastline supervision and management and so on, so as to promote the protection and utilization of coastline resources in China in the new era.