海南东寨港红树林湿地污染监测与评价研究

近年来海南东寨港红树林湿地生态环境受到严重污染，加之从2012年来以有孔团水虱为主的海洋污损动物在保护区内大面积爆发，使红树林遭受严重破坏。因此对海南东寨港红树林湿地进行污染监测、污染源分析及生态系统健康诊断、评估、预警是非常必要的。本文在对东寨港红树林湿地连续5 a监测和污染调查的基础上，采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗指数法和综合营养状态指数法评价海南东寨港红树林自然保护区的污染状况和变化特征，探究其主要污染因子及其成因，并根据评价结果对红树林湿地生态系统的恢复提出相应对策与建议。研究结果显示在近5 a的时间里海南东寨港红树林湿地经历了从2013年—2015年污染程度逐渐减轻，到2016年—2017年污染情况再次严重的过程。根据三种污染评价方法得出近两年塔市、山尾村、三江镇区域水质污染和富营养化情况最严重，水体污染以有机质和氮污染为主。相关管理部门应加强监管并采取相应措施，控制高位池养虾数量，实施退塘还林及虾塘养殖废水处理等措施，尽快使海南东寨港红树林生态系统得以恢复。

Monitoring and evaluation of mangrove wetland pollution in Dongzhai harbor of Hainan

In recent years, the ecological environment of the mangrove wetland in Dongzhai harbor, Hainan has been seriously polluted.In addition, the marine Sphaeroma had erupted in the protected area in 2012, causing serious damage to the mangroves.Therefore, it is necessary to conduct pollution monitoring, pollution source analysis, ecosystem health diagnosis, assessment and early warning of mangrove wetland in Dongzhai harbor, Hainan.On the basis of monitoring and ecological investigation of the mangrove wetland in Dongzhai harbor for five consecutive years, this paper used single factor pollution index, Nemero index and comprehensive trophic level index to evaluate the pollution and change characteristics of the mangrove area in Dongzhai harbor and explore the causes of major pollutants.The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for the recovery of the system.The results showed that the pollution of mangrove wetland in Dongzhai harbor, Hainan had experienced a gradual reduction from 2013 to 2015, and a further serious pollution from 2016 to 2017.According to the three methods of pollution assessment, the most serious pollution and eutrophication places were Tashi, Shanwei village and Sanjiang town in recent two years, and the main water pollution was organic matter and nitrogen pollution.Relevant management departments should strengthen supervision and take appropriate measures to control the number of high-level pond shrimp culture, implement measures such as returning ponds to forests and shrimp pond culture wastewater treatment, so as to restore the mangrove ecosystem in Dongzhai harbor, Hainan.