The operation of cost-effective on-site process for the bio-treatment of mixed municipal solid waste in rural areas |
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Authors: | Duo Wu Chunyan Zhang Fan Lü Liming Shao Pinjing He |
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Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China;2. Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China;3. Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PR China (MOHURD), PR China |
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Abstract: | The application of on-site waste treatment significantly reduces the need for expensive waste collection and transportation in rural areas; hence, it is considered of fundamental importance in developing countries. In this study, the effects of in-field operation of two types of mini-scale on-site solid waste treatment facilities on de-centralized communities, one using mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion combined with composting (TPAD, 50 kg/d) and another using decentralized composting (DC, 0.6–2 t/d), were investigated. Source-separated collection was applied to provide organic waste for combined process, in which the amount of waste showed significant seasonal variation. The highest collection amount was 0.18 kg/capital day and 0.6 kg/household day. Both sites showed good performance after operating for more than 6 months, with peak waste reduction rates of 53.5% in TPAD process and 63.2% in DC process. Additionally, the windrow temperature exceeded 55 °C for >5 days, indicating that the composting products from both facilities were safe. These results were supported by 4 days aerobic static respiration rate tests. The emissions were low enough to avoid any impact on nearby communities (distance <100 m). Partial energy could be recovered by the combined process but with complicated operation. Hence, the choice of process must be considered in case separately. |
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Keywords: | Rural household waste On-site treatment Anaerobic digestion Composting |
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