基于定量遥感技术的重庆市热岛效应

近年来，城市热岛效应不断增强，已经成为一个突出的城市环境问题。重庆市作为长江中上游特大型城市，工业发达，经济快速发展，市区热岛效应明显，但是很少对其研究。以2007年Landsat5 TM影像为数据源，利用单窗算法对重庆市城市地表温度进行反演，并进行城市地面亮温等级划分，在从城市土地利用类型、NDVI等方面对重庆市城市热岛效应强度和空间格局分布及其特征进行了探讨。结果表明：城区热岛现象显著，且分布不均匀；不同土地利用类型对热岛效应影响不同；城市地面亮温与NDVI呈明显的线性负相关关系。最后结合重庆市的特殊地形，提出了以下解决城市热岛效应的对策：加强城市规划，调整城市结构；构建最佳绿化结构，提高城市绿化率；改变能源结构，提高能源利用率，控制工厂废气排放量。

INVESTIGATION ON URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT OF CHONGQING CITY BASED ON QUANTITATIVE REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE

In the recent years，the urban heat island effect is strengthening continuously and it has become a prominent urban environmental problem.As one of the biggest cities along the Yangtze River，Chongqing City has the developed industry and rapid expanding economy，meanwhile the heat island effect is obvious，however it was rarely studied.With Landsat5 TM image of the year 2007 as the data source，this paper first had an inversion of the land surface temperature of Chongqing City with mono window algorithm；secondly it gave a partition of the planetary brightness temperature hierarchical，and thirdly it studied both the intensity of Chongqing City urban heat island effect and the spatial pattern distribution and the features from several perspectives，for example the overlay analysis of the urban land use type and NDVI，etc.The above analysis indicates that the urban island effect is obvious and it is not well distributed；the influences of different land use types on the heat island effect vary；and the urban land surface brightness temperature has a significant linear negative correlation with NDVI.Finally，combining the special terrain of Chongqing City，this paper proposes some countermeasures and solutions for urban heat island effect，including enhancing the urban planning and adjusting the city layout；constructing the optimal structure of green belts and improving the urban green coverage rate；changing the structure of energy sources，improving the efficiency of the energy utilization and controlling the petrol engine waste gas emission of factories.Hopefully this study could provide a basis of scientific policy for the ecological environmental construction and the urban programming，management and environmental protection department；and finally helps realizing the harmonious sustainable development of human society and biological environment.