| 21世纪可替代脊椎动物进行生态毒性测试的方法：过去二十年的发展和现状综述 |
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| 作者姓名： | - |
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| 作者单位： | 1. Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
2. Environmental Safety and Sustainability, Global Product Stewardship, Procter & Gamble, Mason, Ohio, USA
3. National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, United Kingdom
4. WatchFrog, Evry, France
5. ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
6. European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
7. ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey, USA
8. Faculty of Science, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
9. National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Mid-Continent Ecology Division-Duluth, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
10. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, US Geological Survey, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
11. Eawag–Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
12. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
13. School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
14. Consultancy for Environmental & Human Toxicology & Risk Assessment (Lyon Agency), L’Isle d’Abeau, France |
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| 摘 要： | 替代脊椎动物进行化学物质和污染物危害评估的方法已成为越来越重要的需求。现在首先要考虑的是当启动一个脊椎动物生态毒性测试,必须确保不必要的脊椎动物生物的使用尽可能最小化。对于一些监管目的,脊椎动物的使用对环境风险评估(ERA)已经被禁止,而在其他情况下生物测试的数量已经大大减少了,或者测试程序严格精简了。然而,想要获得能够完全替代脊椎动物提供环境危害数据的方法仍有很长的路要走。动物替代品的发展不仅仅是基于道德的考虑,也可以降低执行脊椎动物生态毒性测试的成本以及在某些情况下能够提供更好的信息旨在改进环境风险评估。本文集中综述了在过去的几十年里生态毒性评估替代方法所发生的重大的进展。
精选自Adam Lillicrap, Scott Belanger, Natalie Burden, David Du Pasquier, Michelle R. Embry, Marlies Halder, Mark A. Lampi, Lucy Lee, Teresa Norberg-King, Barnett A. Rattner, Kristin Schirmer, Paul Thomas. Alternative approaches to vertebrate ecotoxicity tests in the 21st century: a review of developments over the last two decades and current status. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 35, Issue 11, pages 2637–2646, November 2016.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.3603
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3603/full
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