SWAT模型在国内外非点源污染研究中的应用进展

模型模拟是定量估算非点源污染负荷的有效工具,也是对其进行规划、控制和管理的前提.近年来SWAT模型在国内外得到了快速的发展和应用,是目前全球评价大范围和环境变化条件下非点源污染问题的一个有效工具.简介SWAT模型的发展历程及原理,概述了SWAT模型目前在国内外的水文评价、污染物流失模拟、输人参数、土地利用及气候变化对水文响应的影响等方面的研究现状,并对SWAT模型的发展方向提出了建议,为模型的进一步完善与应用提供参考.结果显示,SWAT模型对水文评价(如径流量、泥沙量)可得到较好的模拟和预测结果,能够模拟污染物(如农药和化肥)在农田和河网中的迁移过程,模拟与分析土地利用/覆被变化及气候变化对水文过程的影响.模型参数的确定及其对地下水流与溶质运移的模拟是模型的主要问题,需要进一步研究与完善.

Advances in non-point source pollution modelling with SWAT

The model simulation is an effective tool for quantitative estimate of non-point source pollution and is the premise to program, control and manage NPS. SWAT model has been rapid developed and applied domestic and overseas in recent years. It is an effective tool for the evaluation of non-point source pollution problems in wide range and environmental variation condition. This paper provides an brief overview of SWAT development history and principles and summarize current research progress on hydrologic analyses, pollution loss simulation, input parameter, land use and climate change impacts on hydrology. Recommended research needed for SWAT is also presented so as to provide reference for further improvement of the model. The results show that, SWAT can obtain good simulated and predicted results in modeling hydrological assessment(runoff, sediment). It can simulate the migration process of pollutants(pesticides and fertilizers) in the farmland and river network, simulate and analyze the land use/cover change and climate change impact on hydrological processes. The determination of model parameters and simulation on groundwater flow and solute transport are major issues which require further research and improvement.