开发区建设对区域经济发展的影响与机制分析——以湖南省为例

评估开发区对区域经济发展的影响,探究这种影响的空间异质性与机制,能为开发区协调发展与优化升级提供理论指导。以中部省区湖南省为例,采用固定效应模型估计法对2001～2016年110个县级行政区的面板数据进行分析,检验了开发区设立对湖南省县级水平区域经济发展的效应,揭示了这种效应的空间异质性与机制。总体上看,湖南省开发区建设提升了县级区域GDP和人均GDP水平,主要源于乘数效应机制与集聚机制。更为重要地,湖南省开发区建设对县经济发展的推动作用呈现出"边际效应递增"特征,即更高经济发展水平区域设立开发区对区域经济发展的推动作用越强,因而开发区效应的发挥依赖于区域经济发展基础。

Effects and Mechanisms of Economic Developmental Zones on Regional Economic Development: A Case of Hunan Province

Abstract：Evaluating the effects of economic developmental zones (EDZs) on regional economic development and revealing the spatial heterogeneity and mechanisms of these effects can provide useful guidance for coordinated development and optimization-upgrading of EDZs. Previous literature sparsely focus on the effects of EDZs on regional economic developments at the county level. Based on the panel data of the county-level regions of Hunan Provinces in China from 2001 to 2016, this paper uses the fixed-effect estimated models to examine the impacts of EDZs on the county-level regional economic development and spatial heterogeneity of these impacts. The results show that the establishments of EDZs have improved GDP and per capita GDP of the county-level regions, which mainly result from the two mechanisms of multiplier-effects and agglomeration-effects. More specially, the effects of the EDZs on the county-level regional economic development appear a feature of “increasing marginal effects”, that is, the higher the levels of economic development of the regions are, the stronger the role of EDZs to promote regional economic development becomes. The extent of the impacts of the EDZs relies on regional economic base.