规划管制下耕地保护空间外溢及区域财政转移——基于四川省的实证

规划管制致使区域间保护耕地资源多寡存在差异,部分地区经济发展受到约束,带来相关利益群体机会及利益损失。基于耕地保护承载力角度,确定区域保护耕地资源空间外溢面积,利用机会成本核算单位面积保护耕地损失,在构建暴损程度系数基础上,核算区域间规划管制下耕地保护空间外溢量及区域间财政转移额度,为建立区域之间经济补偿和财政转移支付提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)四川省耕地资源保护空间外溢赤字城市有成都、攀枝花和雅安,赤字量最大的是成都市,赤字量达到650.71 kha;耕地资源保护空间外溢盈余的城市有14个,其中盈余量最大的城市是资阳,为219.98 kha;耕地资源保护空间外溢平衡城市是内江。(2)运用机会成本法,测算出单位面积耕地保护机会损失为每公顷25.30万元。(3)通过暴损程度及经济调节系数的修正,计算出区域之间的空间外溢补偿额度,为减少财政压力,按照盈余区补偿量总和作为空间外溢赤字区的支付总额,最终成都支付额度为416 775.25万元,攀枝花市支付额度为125.10万元,雅安市支付额度为83.40万元,财政转移支付结果具有一定的现实操作意义。

Externality Spatial Spillover and Regional Fiscal Transfer of Cultivated Land Protection under Planning Control: An Empirical Study Based on Sichuan Province

Abstract：Land use planning regulation causes that there are differences in the protection of cultivated land resources among different regions and also leads to constraints on regional economic development,resulting in the loss of opportunities and interests for relevant groups.Based on the carrying capacity of cultivated land protection, the paper determines the spatial spillover area of regional cultivated land protection and utilizes opportunity cost to calculate loss of cultivated land protection per unit area.Then, on the basis of building wipeout coefficient, the paper calculates spatial spillover value of cultivated land protection and regional fiscal transfer payment under interregional planning control, which can provide theoretical basis for establishing regional economic compensation and fiscal transfer payment.The results showed that:(1)Chengdu, Panzhihua and Ya’an are the cities with spatial spillover value deficit of cultivated land protection in Sichuan Province, and Chengdu has the largest deficit, which reach 650.71 thousand hectares. There are 14 cities with spatial spillover value surplus of cultivated land protection, of which Ziyang is the largest city with a surplus of 219.98 thousand hectares, and Neijiang is the city with balance of space spillover in cultivated land resources protection. (2) By using the method of opportunity cost, the opportunity loss of cultivated land protection is estimated to be 253 000 yuan per hectare.(3)Regarding the fiscal pressure of local governments, the total amount of compensation in surplus area is viewed as the total amount oin spatial spillover deficit area.Therefore, the payment amount of Chengdu city is 4 167.752 5 million yuan, that in Panzhihua is 1 251 000 yuan, and that in Ya’an is 834 000 yuan. The result of calculation has certain value in practice significance.