基于“重要性-敏感性-冲突性”的陕北生态保护重点区域辨识

在城镇化快速发展背景下,生态环境遭到破坏的风险增加,这必将影响经济社会与生态系统的稳定与安全。基于RS和GIS相关技术,从生态系统服务重要性、生态敏感性和空间冲突3个方面,采用NPP定量指标评价法、空间冲突测度评估法和析取运算法,对陕北生态环境情况进行综合评估。在"重要性-敏感性-冲突性"框架下,辨识陕北生态保护重点区域,提出一定管控建议。结果表明:(1)陕北生态保护重点区域主要分布于陕北南部的黄龙山、子午岭地区、中部黄土丘陵沟壑区和北部榆林市境内的毛乌素沙漠敏感区。(2)延安市南部生态高价值与高敏感性并存,同时是空间冲突热点区,生态风险高。(3)延安市空间冲突水平相比于榆林市较强烈。能源开采活动、地形起伏、道路扩张及(生态工程)地表破碎性影响,给当地生态环境带来压力和风险。"重要性-敏感性-冲突性"框架的构建可为生态保护提供新思路,客观辨识出生态重点保护区域,对协调城镇开发建设和生态环境保护之间的矛盾及政策参考方面具有重要意义。

Identification of Key Ecological Protection Areas Based on the“Importance-Sensitivity-Conflict” Framework in Northern Shaanxi Province

Abstract：Under the background of rapid urbanization, the risk of damage to the ecological environment will increase, which will definitely affect the stability and security of the social economy and ecosystem. Based on RS and GIS, this study used the evaluation methods of NPP quantitative index, spatial conflict measurement and disjunction algorithm to comprehensively evaluate the ecological environment in Northern Shaanxi from the following aspects: ecosystem service importance, ecological sensitivity and spatial conflict. Under the framework of “Importance-Sensitivity-Conflict”, we identified key areas of ecological protection in Northern Shaanxi and put forward management recommendations. Results show that: (1) The key ecological protection region in northern Shaanxi were mainly distributed in Huanglong Mountain, Ziwuling area, the Loess Hilly and Gully Region in the Middle and Maowusu Desert; (2) High value and high sensitivity of ecosystem was found in Yan’an city, which was also a hotspot of space conflict with high ecological risks; (3)The level of spatial conflict in Yan’an City was stronger than that in Yulin City. Energy exploitation activities, topographic fluctuations, road expansion and ecological engineers brought pressure and ecological risk to the local ecological environment. Our study showed that the "Importance-Sensitivity-Conflict" framework could provide a new way of idea for ecological protection and identification of the key ecological protection areas. It is of great significance not only to coordinate the contradiction between the construction of towns and ecological environment protection, but also to identify the key ecological protection areas, which will provide meaningful policy reference. Key words：importance of ecosystem services; ecological sensitivity; spatial conflict;key areas of ecological protection