景区综合交通可达性测度及其优化对策

良好的景区可达性是旅游业发展的重要基础。该文在系统分析景区可达性主体与客体内涵的基础上,综合考虑因旅游交通服务水平差异所引致的游客对景区选择的主观优先级,从景区外部交通可达性和市内换乘便捷性视角构建了景区可达性测度模型,以云南省76个4A级以上景区为例进行验证,并提出了景区可达性的优化对策。结果显示:(1)云南省4A级以上景区的外部交通可达性空间分异特征显著,约60%景区的外部交通发展滞后,且离散分布于县级行政区;景区的市内换乘可达性水平整体较高,换乘平均耗时为0.472 h,存在个别景区级别与可达性不匹配。(2)景区可达性水平整体较差,约33%的景区可达性一般或较差,并呈一定的高值或低值空间集聚格局;可达性热点具有明显的自东向西递减规律,外部交通可达性差异是造成景区可达性差异化的主要原因。(3)应以"旅游点-轴结构"为发展理念,充分发挥核心节点功能,"连点成线"完善旅游运输通道建设,提升景区外部通达性;强化景区与重大交通枢纽的无缝衔接,实现景区内外交通协调;因地制宜建设休闲公路,以缓解自然风光型景区的市内换乘劣势。

Scenic Spot Accessibility Measurement and Optimized Strategy

Abstract：Scenic accessibility is an important basis for the development of tourism. On the basis of systematic analysis of the scenic spot accessibility’s subject and object connotation, and considering the subjective priority of tourists to scenic spot selection caused by the difference of tourism traffic service level, a scenic spot accessibility measurement model is constructed from the perspective of scenic spots’ accessibility of external traffic and urban traffic transfer. Take 76 scenic spots above 4A level in Yunnan Province as an example, and put forward some optimized strategies of scenic accessibility. The results indicate that: (1) Spatial distribution characteristics of external traffic accessibility is greatly different, about 60% scenic spots’ external traffic system development lags behind, and they distribute in the county discretely; intra-urban traffic transfer efficiency of scenic spots is great, the average transfer time is 0.472 h, some scenic spots’ level don’t match their accessibility level. (2) The accessibility level of scenic spots is overall poor-about 33% scenic spots’ accessibility level is average or worse, and the spatial distribution of accessibility has a high or low value concentration phenomenon. The hot spots of accessibility have obvious decreasing laws from east to west, and external traffic accessibility of scenic spot is the main reason for that. (3) We should take the "tourism point axis structure" as the development concept, give full play to the core node function, and improve the construction of tourist transport corridors by connecting important dots into lines to increase the external accessibility of the scenic spot. Enhance the connection between scenic spots and major transport hub, and achieve the coordination of external traffic accessibility and intra-urban traffic transfer efficiency. The construction of recreational roads according to local conditions can ease the intra-urban transfer disadvantages of natural scenery scenic spots.