激励与约束如何影响农户生物农药施用行为——兼论约束措施的调节作用

农业的绿色发展依赖于农户生产行为的绿色化转变,这一转变不仅与农户自身、家庭等内在因素有关,还受外在因素的激励与约束。基于湖北省719户农户的调查数据,根据农户追求利益和损失厌恶的特征,将农户在生产过程中面对的外在激励与约束纳入一个框架,探讨了激励与约束措施对农户施用生物农药这一绿色生产行为的影响以及约束措施的调节作用。结果表明:(1)价格激励、技术培训、政策补贴的正向刺激和生产监管、处罚的反向规制均能对农户生物农药施用行为产生显著正向影响;(2)价格激励的影响效果最大,处罚约束次之,随后是技术培训、政策补贴,而生产监管的作用最小;(3)约束措施能在一定程度上调节激励措施对农户施用生物农药的影响,且在不同的激励与约束措施下,调节作用的方向不同,生产监管、处罚力度正向调节价格激励的作用,市场监管正向调节技术培训的作用,而生产监管却削弱了技术培训原有的效果。因此,在促进农户施用生物农药和绿色生产时,要做到激励与约束并重,并对激励与约束措施进行合理搭配,放大激励与约束的协同作用。

How Incentives and Constraints Affect Farmers’ Biological Pesticide Application Behavior：Concurrently Discussing the Regulating Effect of Restraint Measures

Abstract：The green development of agriculture depends on the green transformation of farmers’ production behavior, which is not only related to the internal factors of farmers themselves and their families, but also stimulated and restrained by external factors. Based on the survey data of 719 farmers in Hubei province, and according to the characteristics of farmers’ pursuit of interests and loss aversion, this paper puts the external incentives and constraints faced by peasant households in the production process into a framework, discussing the influence of incentive and constraint measures on the green production behavior of farmers applying biological pesticide and the regulating effect of constraint measures. The findings are as follows: first, the positive stimulation of price incentive, technical training and policy subsidies, and the negative regulation of production supervision and punishment can significantly affect the production behavior of farmers and improve the possibility of farmers' application of biological pesticide.Second, price incentive has the greatest effect, followed by punishment and restraint, technical training and policy subsidies, and production supervision has the least effect. Third, restraint measures can adjust the influence of incentive measures on farmers' application of biological pesticide to a certain extent, and the direction of regulating effect is different under different incentive and restrictive measures. Production supervision and policy punishment positively regulate the role of price incentives, market supervision positively regulate the role of technical training, while production supervision has weakened the original effect of technical training. Therefore, we should attach equal importance to incentives and constraints when promoting green production of farmers, and make a reasonable combination of incentives and constraints to enlarge the synergistic effect of incentives and constraints.