劳动成本上升背景下农户农药施用行为差异研究——基于精细管理技术的中介效应

作为实现乡村振兴战略的重要抓手,如何实现农药零增长一直是现代农业政策关注的重点。基于上述问题,通过全国18个省份农户的微观调查数据,尝试从精细管理技术投入的视角,分析劳动成本变化对农户农药使用行为的影响。研究发现:对于从事园艺等劳动密集型作物种植的农户而言,劳动成本上升将促使农药施用量的增加,而精细管理技术投入则在两者间起到部分中介作用。精细管理技术投入的增加能够有效提高农户的施药效率并降低其单次的农药用量。而与此同时,由于精细管理农户所面临的经营风险相对较大,因而农药施用次数相对较高,故不同精细管理技术投入的农户在农药施用总量方面并未呈现明显差异。因此,政府可尝试通过扶持农产品品牌建设、发展农业生产服务组织等方式,在引导农户生产方式精细化的同时,实现农药的减量投入。

Study on the Difference of Pesticide Application Behavior Farmers Under the Background of Rising Labor Cost: Based on the Mediating of Fine Management Technology

As an important starting point for realizing the strategy of rural rejuvenation, how to achieve zero growth in pesticides is central to the agricultural policy. From the perspective of investment of fine management technology, the paper attempted to analyze the impact of labor cost on behavior of farmers pesticide usage based on micro-survey data of farmers in 18 provinces. The results showed as follows: The rising labor cost has led to an increase in the amount of pesticide application for farmers who engaged in the cultivation of labor-intensive crops such as horticulture. What’s more, the investment in fine management technology will play a part of the mediating role between labor cost and pesticide application. The efficiency of pesticide application had been improved and the amount of pesticide application every time had been reduced by adding more fine management technology. At the same time, there was no significant difference among farmers with different fine-management technology inputs in the total pesticide usage, duo to relatively high number of pesticide applications for farmers facing more risk of production. Therefore, tit is necessary to support the agricultural product brand construction, develop agricultural production service organization which guides the farmers to refine the production method in order to reducing amount of pesticide usage.