基于生态适宜性的昆明城市空间增长边界研究

城市空间增长是城市发展中的重要研究内容,基于生态适宜性评价的刚性增长研究还未得到充分的关注。研究结合昆明高原山地生态环境的脆弱性和独特性特点,选取地形、地质、河湖水库、历史文化遗产保护区、自然保护区、土地覆被等指标,运用层次分析法进行土地生态适宜性评价,研究划定昆明城市空间刚性增长边界范围面积为782.45 km~2。研究表明:(1)对比刚性UGB范围和昆明城市总体规划的中心城区空间管制范围(852.93 km~2)发现,城市总体规划应制定更为严格的生态环境保护措施,尤其是滇池沿岸的水资源环境保护;(2)现状建设用地超出刚性UGB的总面积为27.74 km~2,占总体建设用地面积的6.49%,主城区发展空间受限,未来建设用地最大增长余量为355.21 km~2,主要集中在呈贡新区和空港新区。需要从区域的角度进行宏观调控,进一步降低资源、产业、人口在主城集聚的程度;尤其是结合滇池流域水资源供给现状合理制定人口规模和产业规划等内容。提出规划建议:(1)加强生态管控和土地利用结构整合。在滇池沿岸及面山生态敏感区周边建立生态保护缓冲区(带),保护生态脆弱区的生态安全;(2)严格控制城市建设用地开发时序,分期完成城市内部更新及新区建设;(3)分阶段将超出刚性UGB范围的建设用地进行退让转移,保证生态安全本底边界和城市周边生态环境的完整性。

Research of Urban Growth Boundary of Kunming Based on Ecological Suitability

Urban spatial growth is an important part in research of urban development. The research of rigid growth based on ecological suitability evaluation has not been paid enough attention. Based on the fragility and the uniqueness of the ecological environment of plateau mountains, the research selected indicators, such as topography, geology, reservoir and lakes, historical and natural reserves, land cover, to evaluate the ecological suitability of land with AHP and delimited the rigid UGB of Kunming with an area of 782.45 km2. The research came to the conclusion: ①By comparing the rigid UGB and the scope of central city spatial regulation of Kunming Master plan, which is 852.93 km2, the Master plan should formulate more stringent measures to protect the ecological environment, especially the water resources along the Dianchi Lake; ②The status quo of construction land exceeds the rigid UGB by 27.74 km2, accounting for 6.49% of the total construction land. Space for development in main urban area is limited, the maximum margin of future construction land growth is 355.21 km2, which located mainly in Chenggong District and the New Zone of Airport. It is necessary to carry out macro control from a regional perspective to reduce the agglomeration of resources, industries and population in main urban area. Especially, the population size and industrial planning should be reasonably formulated according to the water supply status in Dianchi Lake basin. Following planning suggestions are proposed: ①Ecological control and integration of land use structure should be strengthened. To protect the ecological security of the ecological fragile area, ecological protection buffer zone should be established along the coast of Dianchi Lake and around the ecological sensitive area against the mountains. ②The developing sequences of urban construction should be strictly controlled, so that the internal urban renewal and the construction of new districts could be completed in phases. ③In order to ensure the background boundary of ecological security and the integrity of the ecological environment around the city, the construction land out of the rigid UGB should be transferred in stages.