喀斯特石漠化生态恢复中的生物多样性研究进展

喀斯特生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,生态恢复是喀斯特石漠化治理的核心任务,研究石漠化生态恢复机理、优化生态系统功能、提升生态系统服务和实现喀斯特生态环境可持续发展是当前石漠化治理的重要议题。通过对遗传、物种、生态系统和景观四个层次生物多样性退化与恢复的关注,生物多样性作为重要的生态系统特征及表征指标,在石漠化生态恢复研究中已取得一定进展,主要集中于石漠化生态恢复中土壤微生物遗传多样性特征及利用潜力、适生物种的筛选及生态恢复功能、不同生态系统中生物群落特征及生态系统恢复、石漠化景观格局的时空演变及优化对策等方面。但是相关研究侧重于物种多样性而对于功能多样性的探讨较为欠缺,物种间以及多营养级生物多样性效应研究仍较薄弱,生物多样性与生态系统功能、生物多样性与生态系统服务之间的协同恢复机制缺乏深入研究。今后,应针对喀斯特石漠化生态恢复中的植物群落构建,多营养级生物多样性纳入生态恢复,生物多样性增强生态系统功能、生物多样性提升生态系统服务等方面加强研究。

Research Progress on the Biodiversity during the Ecological Restoration of Karst Rocky Desertification

Karst ecosystem is an important part of terrestrial ecosystem, and the ecological restoration is the core task in the control of karst rocky desertification. Studying the ecological restoration mechanism of rocky desertification, optimizing the ecosystem functions, improving the ecosystem services, and realizing the sustainable development of karst ecological environment are important topics in current rocky desertification control. By paying attention to the biodiversity degradation and restoration at four levels of genetic, species, ecosystem, and landscape, the biodiversity was found to be an important ecosystem feature and characterization index, with progress been made in its role in the ecological restoration of rocky desertification. These studies mainly focused on the genetic diversity characteristics and utilization potential of soil microbial in the ecological restoration of rocky desertification, suitable species selection and its ecological restoration functions, characteristics of biological communities in different ecosystems, the spatial and temporal evolution of landscape pattern of rocky desertification and its optimization countermeasures. However, researches in this field mostly focused on the species diversity and lacked the discussion on functional diversity. Investigations on the effects of inter-species and multi-trophic biodiversity are still weak, and there is a lack of research on the cooperative restoration mechanism between the biodiversity and the ecosystem functions, and between the biodiversity and the ecosystem services. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen research on the construction of plant communities in the ecological restoration of karst rocky desertification, the integration of multi-trophic biodiversity into the ecological restoration, the enhancement of ecosystem function by biodiversity, and the enhancement of ecosystem services by the biodiversity.