Environmentally sustainable applications of agro-based spent mushroom substrate (SMS): an overview |
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| Authors: | Fatimah Hafifah Mohd Hanafi Shahabaldin Rezania Shazwin Mat Taib Mohd Fadhil Md Din Masahito Yamauchi Mariko Sakamoto Hirofumi Hara Junboum Park Shirin Shafiei Ebrahimi |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Johor Bahru,Malaysia;2.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Seoul National University,Seoul,Republic of Korea;3.Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (iPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Johor Bahru,Malaysia;4.Kagoshima National College of Technology,Kirishima-shi,Japan;5.Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia;6.Faculty of Education,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Johor Bahru,Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Agricultural wastes such as lignocellulosic residues are renewable resources can be used for mushroom cultivation. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is defined as leftover of biomass generated by commercial mushroom industries after harvesting period of mushroom. Mushroom cultivation using agricultural wastes promises a good quality of SMS for producing beneficial products such as animal feeding and fertilizers. Based on the published papers, the major applications of SMS are animal feedstock, fertilizer, energy production and wastewater treatment. For instance, some species of mushroom such as Pleurotus spp. and Agaricus bisporus are suitable for applications of ruminant feedstock and fertilizers. This paper reviews the recent studies about the beneficial usage of SMS which is considered as a waste since 2013. |
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